Chapter-16 Garbage in Garbage out

Explanation

Because:

● Compost is safe for the environment. It preserves the soil's texture and fertility. Chemical

fertilizers harm human health and destroy the soil's natural composition.

● Composting aids in both material recycling and garbage disposal. Chemical fertilizers

leaching pollutes the water and kills aquatic life.

● Compost production is simple, inexpensive, and safe, whereas chemical fertilizer

production is costly and problematic.

Explanation

(a) To protect the items, packaging materials like thermocol, foam sheets, paper cuttings, card

board, and jute are used. The materials that have been packed are transported in containers made

of tin, plastic, or card boxes.

b) Toys, shoes, chocolates, and clothing can be packaged in smaller quantities.

c) We use materials for packaging to protect the items and make them look good. For instance,

shiny paper or plastic-coated paper is used to package and wrap birthday gifts. The packing

materials are disposed of in a trash can after use. In a similar manner, aluminum foil, plastic or

aluminum cans, plastic bags, and other packaging materials are utilized and then discarded.

Small packets are sold for many things, including ghee, refined oil, soaps, detergents, and most

foods.

The amount of trash generated by packing can be reduced by taking all of the aforementioned

measures.

Explanation

(a) Newspaper, notebook, magazine, and other pieces of paper. is recyclable. Papers coated in plastic and shiny can't be recycled easily.

b) Recycled paper has a rough surface, whereas new paper has a smooth surface.

Explanation

(a) To turn leftover food and other kitchen scraps, like paper and vegetable peel, into manure, a

compost pit is used. Later, plants are grown with manure.

(b) We'll go with a platter made of banana leaves because composting makes it easy to turn into

manure.

It is possible to recycle plastic plate, but doing so releases harmful gases that pollute the

environment. Composting cannot turn plastic waste into manure.

Explanation

(a) Alongside government and neighborhood district organizations, it is likewise the obligation

of each and every resident to help in waste disposal. A perfect climate is important to keep us

sound and furthermore to keep away from spread of illnesses. In order for Safai Karamcharis to

easily collect the garbage, we ought to dispose of it in appropriate locations, such as dustbins.

b) If we use the following methods, we can lessen the issues that arise when garbage is disposed

of:

(i) The trash should be disposed of in the right places. It should not be thrown on parks, streets,

or roads.

ii) The garbage should be separated into recyclable and non-recyclable components. The

ineffective components ought to be discarded at landfill sites.

iii) Stick to the Three R's rule:

A. Lessen: Make use of the items in the smallest possible quantities to meet your needs.

B. Reuse: Instead of throwing away plastic, paper, glass, and metals that have been separated

from the garbage, they can be recycled into new products.

C. Recycle: It means making frequent use of things. In the kitchen, for instance, things can be

stored in plastic jam or pickle bottles.

Explanation

The redworms are unable to turn non-biodegradable materials like broken glass, aluminum, wrappers, plastic items, and polythene bags into compost.

Explanation

Materials that can be recycled are collected in blue bins.

Explanation

metals, glass, and plastics.

Explanation

Wastes from the kitchen and other plants or animals.

Explanation

Composting is the process of turning rotting materials into manure.

Explanation

Vermicomposting is the process of making compost with the help of redworms.

Explanation

Earthworms of the red variety assist in the preparation of compost from kitchen scraps and animal or plant parts.

Explanation

Adding salt, oil, pickles, vinegar, meat, and dairy products to your vermicompost pit will breed

tiny organisms that can spread disease. They can harm redworms and make vermicompost more

difficult to make.

Explanation

Safai Karamcharis sorts trash into useful and useless parts. These isolated and worthless wastes

are dispersed in landfills and covered with a layer of soil. When landfills fill up, they usually turn

into hogs and playgrounds. No new buildings will be built on it for the next 20 years.

Explanation

Compost is typically made from useful garbage components. Fertilizer are typically

evolved close to the landfill.

(i) Fruit and vegetable peel, egg shells, used tea leaves, food scraps, dry leaves, newspapers, and

other waste materials can be used to make compost. ought to be thrown into a pit.

ii) Soil has covered the pit.

(iii) Following 20-25 days, notice the trash. If the garbage has rotted, turned black, and produced

no unpleasant odor, the rotting process has finished and the compost can be used.

Explanation

When food scraps, plant and animal waste, and garbage are left in pits or heaps, bacteria

and other fungi-like organisms cause rotting. Manure is produced when rotting occurs. It's the

process of converting complex molecules into simpler ones that plants can use for growth and

development. Therefore, composting is the process of rotting organic materials and turning them

into manure.

Explanation

Smoke and gases that are harmful to our health are produced when dried leaves, husk, and

other plant parts are burned. Compost can be made from dried plant parts like husk, leaves, and

other parts of the plant.

Explanation

These are the industrial waste products:

● Chemicals, smoke, and ash fill up glass bottles, plastic items, and wrappers.

● Things that are broken, iron or other metals, and plastic bags.

Explanation

( i) The garbage will rot, and a bad smell will spread throughout the area.

ii) Flies, mosquitoes, and other disease-carrying microscopic organisms will use garbage as a

breeding ground.

(iii) Many diseases will spread throughout the community as a result of flies, mosquitoes, and

other organisms.

(iv) Garbage that is rotting may pollute the air and spread respiratory diseases like asthma.

Explanation

Empty syringes, needles, amputates, cotton, injection bottles, bandages, plaster, tablet wrapper,

empty paper boxes, polythene bags, leftover food, and vegetable peels.

Explanation

Papier-mache is a paste made of clay and waste paper pulp that can be molded into trays,

boxes, and other shapes. Paper recycling benefits from this.

Explanation

 Uses:

(i) Food can be stored in plastic containers.

(ii) The items enclosed in a plastic package are water resistant and simple to transport.

(iii) Products or containers made of plastic are cost-effective, durable, lightweight, and attractive.

(iv) Chemicals can be stored in plastic containers like bottles. It has no chemical effects.

(v) Plastic is recyclable.

Explanation

Advantages of plastic:

(i) Plastics release toxic gases when heated or burned. Numerous health issues, including cancer

in humans, may be brought on by these gases.

(ii) Some people frequently discard garbage in the open by stuffing it into plastic bags. Plastic

bags and food are swallowed by stray animals when they search these bags for food. This causes

their deaths occasionally.

(iii) The plastic bags that are discarded carelessly on roads and other surfaces end up in the sewer

system and drains.

These plastic packs gag the channels. Consequently, filthy water spills onto the road. Disease and

foul odor are spread as a result.

Explanation

I will recommend that members of my community prepare compost from biodegradable waste.

You should try to show people how to prepare compost in order to gain their trust:

(i) You should go with a person who lives nearby.

(ii) Dig a pit at open spot and request that every one of the occupants toss their kitchen squander

in this pit. Layers of soil should be used to cover the biodegradables in the pit.

iii. Cover the pit with the dung-soil mixture.

(iv) Open the pit and demonstrate it to the colony's inhabitants after five to six weeks.

Additionally make sense of that their arranged off material has changed over into fertilizer

compost.

(v) You might be able to persuade RWA (Resident Welfare Associations) to use this manure for

colony parks and in plant pots kept in individual homes for aesthetic purposes.

Explanation

(i) There are times when edibles cannot be stored in plastic bags. Food that has been packaged in

these kinds of plastic bags could be bad for our health.

(ii) Shopkeepers frequently make use of plastic bags that have previously been used for another

purpose.

(iii) After being washed, rag pickers may also use the bags they collect. It's possible that storing

food in such recycled plastic bags is bad for our health. Thus, retailers can be focused on upon

the utilization of plastic packs supported by the specialists.

Explanation

(i) Choose a wooden box or dig a hole 30 cm deep.

ii) Spread the grilled chicken or netting on the bottom of the pit or box. Sand can also be spread

to a thickness of 1 to 2 cm.

iii) Spread the remaining vegetables such as. B. Fruit peel on sand layer. Green leaves,

newspaper tubes and scraps, dried plant stems, and dried animal droppings are all possible

options. (iv) Add water to moisten the layer. Buy a redworm and put it in the pit. do not:

(a) too much water is used; (b) Press down the leaves and litter layer so that it contains enough

air and moisture. or (v) too much water is being used.

(vi) Cover them liberally with sticky packs or sheets of old material or layers of grass.

vii) Red earthworms need food. Whether it's fruit and vegetable skins, coffee or tea leftovers, or

weeds from your garden or field, you can serve them as food. Place this lining in the pit about

2-3 cm deep.

viii) Do not combine dairy products with salt, pickles, oil or vinegar. This allows disease-causing

organisms to multiply. Redworms cannot survive in extremely hot or cold environments.

ix. After 3-4 weeks, place some food scraps in the corner of the pit, the majority of the worms

will be attracted to the new bait.

x) Remove the compost from the glade and let it dry in the sun for a few hours. Vermicompost is

now available.

Explanation

The waste materials typically found in bins and waste storage can be used to make the

following crafts.

● Plans and landscapes on cardboard, pencil scrab can be utilized.

● We are able to prepare things like a basket, toys, and a vase for flowers, among other

things.

● Papier-mache, made from recycled paper and decorated with a variety of colors, can be

used to make egg trays.

● By burning a candle through a small hole in an empty earthen cup (kullarh), you can use

it as a Janjhi. Light emerges in various patterns.

● Ice cream sticks can be used to make a flower vase.

● Plastic plates, cups, and forks are used to prepare a variety of toys.

● With the assistance of amputees and empty injection bottles, it is possible to design

models of historical landmarks.

Explanation

Recycling methods for used paper are as follows.

● Throw away your paper and collect old magazines, notebooks and newspapers.

● Cut these items into small pieces and place them in a bucket or other container of water

for a day or two.

● When wet paper is tapped, a thick paste is produced. Spread the waste paste on the wire

mesh attached to the frame. You can use giant screens instead of casings. Gently tap to

make the paste layer as even as possible. Rub newspaper or an old cloth over the paste to

soak up excess moisture.

● After removing from the frame, spread the paste on newspaper in the sun. Place a weight

on the arrival paper to prevent the newspaper from curling.

● Food coloring, dried leaves, flower petals, or colored paper can be added to the paste to

decorate the paper. This allows you to buy recycled paper with stunning patterns.

Explanation

● Don't worry about the environment and reuse plastic bags as much as possible. Ignore the

possibility of reusing plastic bags for food storage or food storage. Encourage

shopkeepers to use jute or paper bags when transporting purchased items. Do not use

plastic bags, especially for food storage.

● Stop throwing away plastic bags.

● Plant and animal waste such as vegetable and fruit peels, egg shells, and animal bone

fragments should not be thrown outdoors in plastic bags.

● These plastic bags can be eaten by animals as food. These then lead to the death of

animals such as cattle. Dogs, buffalo and other unwanted animals. These plastic bags can

sometimes choke, cause indigestion, and excrete unabsorbed food.

● Do not burn plastic products such as plastic bags as they produce toxic gas.