Chapter-7 Getting to Know Plants

Explanation:

(a) Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

(b) Stems hold the plant upright.

(c) Stems conduct water to the leaves.

(d) The number of petals and stamens in a flower can vary.

(e) If the sepals of a flower are joined together, it does not necessarily mean that the petals are also joined together.

(f) If the petals of a flower are joined together, it does not necessarily mean that the pistil is joined to the petal.

Explanation:

(a) Leaf

(b) Taproot

(c) Flower 

Explanation:

One example of a plant that has a long but weak stem is the Sweet Pea (Lathyrus odoratus). The Sweet Pea is a flowering plant that belongs to the category of climbing plants or vines.

Climbing plants have long, weak stems that cannot stand upright without support. Instead, they climb up surrounding structures or other plants to reach sunlight and grow. The Sweet Pea plant, for example, can grow up to 6-8 feet tall but needs a support structure to climb upon to grow straight.

Explanation:

The stem of a plant performs several important functions, including:

1. Support: The stem provides support to the plant by holding it upright and maintaining its shape.

2. Transportation: The stem serves as a conduit for the movement of water, nutrients, and other substances between the roots and leaves of the plant.

3. Storage: Some stems, such as those of cacti and succulents, are capable of storing water and nutrients for use during times of drought or other stress.

4. Vegetative Reproduction: Some stems, such as those of strawberry plants, can produce new plants through a process called vegetative reproduction.

Explanation:

Tulsi, Coriander (dhania) and China rose have reticulate venation.

Reticulate venation is a characteristic feature of plants where the veins of the leaves form a network or mesh-like pattern.

The other plants mentioned, wheat, maize, and grass, are plants with leaves that have parallel venation.

Explanation:

If a plant has fibrous roots, it is likely to have parallel venation in its leaves.

Fibrous roots are a type of root system in which many thin, branching roots grow from the base of the stem. This type of root system is typical of monocotyledonous plants, which also typically have leaves with parallel venation.

In contrast, dicotyledonous plants generally have taproots, which are thick, central roots that grow deep into the soil. These plants typically have leaves with reticulate venation.

Explanation:

If a plant has leaves with reticulate venation, it is likely to have a taproot system.

Reticulate venation is a characteristic feature of dicotyledonous plants, which generally have taproots. Taproots are a primary central root that grows straight down into the soil, with smaller branching roots growing out from it. This type of root system allows plants to obtain water and nutrients from deeper layers of soil.

In contrast, monocotyledonous plants typically have fibrous root systems and leaves with parallel venation.

Explanation:

It is possible to determine whether a plant has a taproot or fibrous roots by looking at the impression of its leaf on a sheet of paper.

The venation pattern of a leaf can provide some clues about the type of plant.

Leaves with reticulate venation are typically associated with dicotyledonous plants, which typically have taproots.

Leaves with parallel venation are typically associated with monocotyledonous plants, which typically have fibrous roots

Explanation:

A typical flower has four main parts:

1. Sepals: Sepals are green, leaf-like structures that protect the developing flower bud before it opens. Collectively, the sepals are called the calyx.

2. Petals: Petals are colorful and fragrant structures that surround and protect the reproductive organs of the flower. Collectively, the petals are called the corolla.

3. Stamens: Stamens are the male reproductive organs of the flower, each consisting of a stalk-like filament and an anther at the top, which produces pollen.

Pistil: The pistil is the female reproductive organ of the flower, consisting of three parts: the stigma, the style, and the ovary. The stigma is the sticky part at the top of the pistil that receives pollen. The style is a tube-like structure that connects the stigma to the ovary, which contains the ovules that will develop into seeds after fertilization.

Explanation:

The following plants have flowers:

• Chilli

• Tomato

• Tulsi

• Peepal

• Shisham

• Wheat

• Banyan

• Mango

• Jamun

• Guava

• Pomegranate

• Papaya

• Banana

• Lemon

• Groundnut

• Grass

• Maize

• Sugarcane

• Potato

All of the plants mentioned in the question bear flowers.

Explanation:

The part of a plant that produces food is the leaves. The process by which plants produce food is called photosynthesis. In this process, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. Chlorophyll, a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells, helps to absorb light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy that is used to power the process of photosynthesis. The glucose produced during photosynthesis is used by the plant as a source of energy for growth and other metabolic processes.

Explanation:

The ovary is a part of the pistil, which is the female reproductive organ of a flower. The ovary is located at the base of the pistil, and it contains one or more ovules, which will develop into seeds after fertilization. The ovary is typically located above the other parts of the flower, such as the sepals and petals, and below the stigma and style. The ovary may have a variety of shapes, sizes, and structures depending on the species of plant.

Explanation:

One example of a plant with joined sepals is the hibiscus plant, also known as China rose. The sepals of the hibiscus flower are fused together, forming a cup-like structure that surrounds the other parts of the flower.

An example of a plant with separate sepals is the mustard plant. The sepals of the mustard flower are separate from each other and usually green in color. The sepals protect the developing flower bud before it opens and are typically shed when the flower blooms.