Chapter-3 Fibre to Fabric

Explanation:

Workers have to deal with many problems when working in the industry. It sometimes includes health issues and monetary factors required for their protection. This is called occupational hazards. 

Explanation:

Pupa is formed when the caterpillar gets covered by silk, which it does. This is a slow process. This is important for them to protect themselves before turning into adults. Thus, this covering of threads is called a cocoon. 

Explanation:

A soft cotton-like fluffy fibre is what we call angora wool. It usually comes from animals like angora goats and angora rabbits found in hilly areas like Jammu and Kashmir. This wool is the thick coat of these animals.

Explanation:

Silkworms are also known as caterpillars. Silkworms are tiny creatures having soft bodies as well as legs. We get silk that is fragile threads from silkworms only. These worms are produced by female silk moths when they lay eggs, and then later larvae are hatched from them.

Explanation:

In weaving, the fabric is obtained as the final result. It is produced by combining and interlacing two sets of yarns or threads at right angles. These sets usually cross each other at right angles. 

Explanation: The process in which valuable animals like cows, goats, silkworms, rabbits, etc., are taken proper care of. This includes their keeping, breeding, feeding, and medical treatment and is called the rearing process. These animals then help human beings by producing various kinds of valuable products like silk, milk, wool, etc.

Explanation:

Silk is made when thin threads are taken out or reeled together from the cocoon the silkworms form to get a single thread. This is done by first unwinding the filament in warm water, and then the resultant is winded onto a moving reel. This process of obtaining silk is called reeling the silk.

Explanation:

While growing bigger, caterpillars shed their skin, and this process of shedding skin by them has been classified as moulting. Their exoskeleton doesn't grow like their body, so they usually shed them. This shedding helps them in growth. Humans do not shed their skin as they grow gradually, unlike caterpillars. 

Explanation:

As we know, wool is obtained from the sheep; this is done through Shearing. In this process, the outer skin, along with the fleece of the sheep, is cut off and later utilised to produce wool for various human uses. A sharp instrument is used for cutting or clipping the thread. 

Explanation:

Pashmina shawls are the costliest shawls that are found in India. 

They are obtained from the goats' fur as they are soft and warm. These goats are generally found in Kashmir. The wool obtained from these is woven into fine shawls for the severe winters and is called pashmina shawls. 

Explanation:

Fibre is obtained from natural sources like plants and manmade seeds like synthetic fibres. They are long threads that are very strong. These are used to make fabrics. Cotton, nylon, silk, jute, etc., are a few examples of fibre. 

Explanation:

Shearing is the process of removing the outer layer of the skin, or we can say fleece, from the sheep so that wool can be made. The outer layer of the sheep skin is dead, and hair regrowth occurs just like in humans. That is why even while shearing, sheep do not get hurt.

Explanation:

Scouring is one of the processes that is involved in the processing of wool. This takes place just after the Shearing. The sheared fleece, or the outer layer of the sheep's skin, is washed thoroughly to remove dirt and grease

Explanation:

An ancient network that connects Asia, Europe, and Africa. This is called the silk route, as traders used it to introduce silk to other countries for profit. This route is still called the silk route.

Explanation:

Sericulture is defined as the process of silk cultivation by rearing silkworms. The process involves two stages: providing mulberry leaves to silkworms to feed on and allowing them to spin cocoons. In the third stage, cocoons are harvested, and the silk fibres are extracted by boiling the cocoons. Sericulture has been practised for thousands of years in many parts of the world, particularly in Asia. 

Explanation:

The process of Moriculture is used to cultivate mulberry trees for the production of mulberry leaves. This process was practised before Sericulture for silk production. Warm and humid climates are favourable for the cultivation of mulberry trees. Leaves of Mulberry trees need to be harvested at specific intervals to ensure a constant supply of food for the silkworms. 

Explanation:

Wool is a natural fibre that can be only obtained from natural sources like the fleece of sheep or lambs. Other sources of wool include goats, alpacas, and llamas. Different types of wool are procured from various animals that vary in characteristics such as softness, strength, and warmth. The quality and texture of wool also depend on the breed of the animal, its diet, and the environment in which it lives.

 Explanation:

There are many types of fibres, including natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic fibres. Natural fibres, such as cotton, wool, silk, and hemp, are obtained from plants and animals. Synthetic fibres, such as polyester and nylon, are man made and extracted using chemicals. Semi-synthetic fibres, like rayon and bamboo, are made from natural materials that are chemically processed. 

Explanation:

Animal and plant fibres can be differentiated regarding their source and physical properties. Animal fibres, such as wool and silk, come from animal sources such as sheep, goats, and silkworms, while plant fibres, such as cotton and linen, come from plants like cotton and flax. Animal fibres are protein-based and are more solid & durable. Plant fibres are typically cellulose-based, making them more absorbent and breathable compared to animal fibre.

Explanation:

The body hairs of animals used to procure wool keep their body warm by providing insulation. These animals have a thick layer of fur that traps air close to their skin, which acts as an insulating layer. This layer helps to retain heat and, thus, keeps the animal's body warm even in frigid temperatures.

Explanation: 

Sheep are reared for a variety of purposes. Procuring wool is one of the main reasons. Sheep wool is a natural fibre used to make textiles and clothing. Moreover, sheep are also reared for meat and milk, which can be used to make cheese, yoghurt, and other dairy products.

Explanation:

Fibres made up of proteins include natural animal fibres such as wool, silk, and hair. These fibres are composed primarily of protein molecules, specifically keratin, which gives them strength, elasticity, and resilience.

Explanation:

The life cycle of a silk moth consists of four stages:

Egg stage: The female silk moth lays around 500 eggs, which take about ten days to hatch.

Larva or Caterpillar stage: The newly hatched larvae feed on mulberry leaves and proliferate, shedding their skin four times. This stage lasts for about 4-6 weeks.

Pupa or Cocoon stage: The larva spins a cocoon of silk around itself to protect its pupal stage, lasting around 2-3 weeks.

Adult stage: The fully developed silk moth emerges from the cocoon, mates, lays eggs, and dies within a few days. 

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/silk-moth-life-cycle-illustrated-vector-1610158849

Explanation:

The maximum length of continuous silk thread that can be obtained from a cocoon depends on the silkworm species, but usually, it ranges from 600 to 900 metres (1968 to 2952 feet). The silk filament comprises a single continuous strand of protein that the silkworm spins around itself while forming the cocoon, which can be used to create silk fabrics.

Explanation:

Selective breeding intentionally chooses certain species of sheep with desirable traits to mate and produce offspring with similar or improved characteristics. Selective breeding has been used in agriculture and animal husbandry for thousands of years. 

Explanation:

Silk yarn can be prepared in a variety of textures. The texture of the silk yarn depends on the spinning and processing methods used. These textures can be further enhanced through treatments such as mercerization or boiling.

Explanation:

Natural silk is produced by silkworms and comprises a protein fibre called fibroin. Artificial silk, or rayon, is made from cellulose fibres extracted from bamboo or wood pulp plants. Natural silk is more durable, lustrous, and expensive, and artificial silk is more affordable and easier to produce in large quantities. 

Explanation:

The first silk industry in China is believed to have begun around 4000 years ago during the Xia dynasty. According to legend, empress Xi Ling Shi discovered the silk production process when a cocoon fell into her tea, unravelling into a long and continuous filament. This led to the development of sericulture.

Explanation:

Cocoons are obtained from silkworms during the process of sericulture. Silkworms are raised on mulberry leaves and allowed to spin cocoons made of a single continuous strand of silk filament. Once the cocoons are fully formed, they are harvested and processed to obtain the silk thread.

Explanation:

The most common silk moth is the Bombyx mori, also known as the domestic silk moth. The silk fibres obtained from the cocoons of this moth are lustrous and strong. The cocoons of the Bombyx mori are typically white or light yellow and have a cylindrical shape with a pointed end.

Explanation:

The phrase "Unity is Strength" can be applied to making fabric from fibre. Each fibre is weak and easily broken, but when many yarns are twisted together to form a thread, their combined strength is much greater than the sum of their powers. Similarly, when many threads are woven to create a fabric, the resulting material is much stronger than any thread or fibre.

Explanation: A female silk moth can lay between 300 to 500 eggs at a time, depending on the species and individual characteristics of the moth. After mating, the female will lay her eggs on a suitable surface, usually near a food source for the hatching larvae