Chapter-3 Fibre to Fabric

1. Paheli wants to present her friend a gift made of plant fibre. Which out of the following will she select?

(a) Jute bag

(b) Woollen shawl

(c) Silk saree

(d) Nylon scarf


Explanation:


The correct option is (a) Jute bag


Paheli would select (a) Jute bag as it is made of plant fibre, specifically the stem of the jute plant. Wool, silk, and nylon are all animal or synthetic fibers and do not come from plants.

2.Which statement out of the following is incorrect?

(a) Use of charkha was popularized by Mahatma Gandhi as a part of the Independence Movement.

(b) In India, jute is mainly grown in Kerala and Punjab.

(c) To make fabric, the fibres are first converted into yarns.

(d) Sufi saint Kabir was a weaver.

Explanation:


The correct option is (b) In India, jute is mainly grown in Kerala and Punjab.


That statement is incorrect because Jute is mainly grown in West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, and Odisha in India. Kerala and Punjab do not have significant jute cultivation areas.

All other statements are correct.


3.Which of the following materials did people use in ancient times for making clothes?

(i) Leaves of trees

(ii) Newspaper

(iii) Metal foils

(iv) Animal skins and furs


(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (i) and (iii)

(c) (ii) and (iii)

(d) (i) and (iv)


Explanation:


The correct option is (d) (i) and (iv)


People in ancient times used (i) leaves of trees and (iv) animal skins and furs for making clothes, 

Newspaper and metal foils are relatively recent inventions and were not available in ancient times.



4.Which of the following is not a natural fibre?

(a) Cotton

(b) Jute

(c) Nylon

(d) Flax


Explanation:


The correct option is (c) Nylon.


Nylon is not a natural fiber. Cotton, jute, and flax are all natural fibers.

Cotton comes from the cotton plant, jute from the jute plant, and flax from the flax plant.

Nylon is a synthetic fiber made from petroleum products.



5.Which set of substances is not used for making fibres?

(a) Silk, chemicals

(b) Yak hair, camel hair

(c) Husk, bones

(d) Flax, wool

Explanation:


The correct option is (c) Husk, bones.


Silk and chemicals are used for making synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester.

Yak hair and camel hair are used for making woolen clothes.

Flax is used for making linen, and wool comes from sheep.

Husk and bones are not commonly used for making fibers.


6.Boojho went to a cloth shop. There he found a fabric which was smooth to touch, and had vibrant colour and shine. The fabric could be

(a) cotton

(b) wool

(c) silk

(d) jute


Explanation:


The correct option is (c) Silk


The fabric that Boojho found in the cloth shop which was smooth to touch and had vibrant colour and shine is likely to be silk.

Silk is a natural fiber produced from the cocoons of silkworms and is known for its softness, smoothness, and shine. Cotton is soft and breathable, but it is not very shiny. Wool is warm and soft, but it is not typically shiny. Jute is a plant fiber and has a rougher texture, and it is not typically used to make fabrics with a smooth texture or shine.


7.Which part of the jute plant is used for getting jute fibre?

(a) Flower

(b) Stem

(c) Fruit

(d) Leaf

Explanation:



The correct option is (b) Stem

The jute fiber is obtained from the stem of the jute plant. The long, soft, and shiny fibers are found beneath the bark, which are separated from the non-fibrous matter by retting. The jute fibers are then washed, dried, and sorted to obtain the final fiber that is used for making a variety of products such as ropes, twine, bags, mats, and carpets, among others.


8.Yarn is woven to get fabric using

(a) charkha

(b) spinning machines

(c) looms

(d) knitting needles

Explanation:


The correct option is (c) looms

Yarn is woven to get fabric using looms. A loom is a device used to weave yarn into fabric. The process of weaving involves interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles to each other to form a fabric. The longitudinal yarns are called the warp, and the transverse yarns are called the weft. The loom holds the warp yarns under tension while the weft yarn is woven back and forth through the warp. There are different types of looms, including hand-operated looms, power looms, and automated looms.


9.Beera is a farmer. His field has black soil, and the climate is warm. Which fibre-yielding plant should he grow in his field?

(a) Jute

(b) Cotton

(c) Coconut

(d) Wool

Explanation:


The correct option is (b) Cotton


Beera, with a field that has black soil and a warm climate, should grow cotton in his field. Cotton requires well-drained, fertile soil and a warm climate to grow. The black soil is ideal for cotton cultivation, as it retains moisture well and is rich in nutrients. Jute, on the other hand, requires soil that is low in fertility and more acidic. Coconut is a tree crop, and wool comes from sheep or other animals, which are not suitable for farming in Beera's field.

10.The correct sequence to get cloth is

(a) fibre → fabric → yarn

(b) fibre → yarn → fabric

(c) fabric → yarn → fibre

(d) yarn → fibre → fabric

Explanation:


The correct option is (b) fibre → yarn → fabric.


First, fibres are obtained from sources such as cotton, jute, wool, or silk. These fibres are then spun into yarns using spinning machines or charkhas. Finally, the yarns are woven into fabrics using looms. So, the correct sequence is: fibre → yarn → fabric.


11.Boojho wants to make yarn from the fibre at home. Which of the following will he use to carry out the task?

(a) Powerloom

(b) Handloom

(c) Charkha

(d) Knitting needles

Explanation:


The correct option is (c) Charkha


Charkha is a hand-operated spinning wheel used for spinning cotton, silk or other fibers into yarn. It is a traditional tool used in the Indian subcontinent and was popularized by Mahatma Gandhi as a part of the Indian independence movement. The charkha is a portable device that can be easily carried and operated, making it ideal for use in rural areas. It works by twisting fibers together using a spindle and a flyer, which are operated by hand.

12.Yarn, fabric and fibres are related to each other. Show the relationship by filling the blanks in the following sentence.

The fabric of a cotton saree is made by weaving cotton_______ which in turn is made by spinning thin cotton_____.

Explanation:


The fabric of a cotton saree is made by weaving cotton yarn which in turn is made by spinning thin cotton fibers.


13.Some terms related to fabrics are jumbled up and given below. Write them in their correct form.

(a) onttoc

(b) sinnping

(c) vingwea

(d) bisref

Explanation:


The corrected forms of the above words are

(a) Cotton

(b) Spinning

(c) Weaving

(d) Fibres


14.State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct them.

(a) Silk is a plant fibre.

(b) Jute is obtained from the leaves of a plant.

(c) Weaving is a process of arranging two sets of yarn together.

(d) Cotton yarn on burning gives an odour similar to that of a burning paper.

Explanation:


(a) False. Silk is not a plant fibre, it is an animal fibre obtained from the cocoon of the silkworm.

b(c) This statement is true.

(d) This statement is also true.


15.The following is an answer given by Boojho to a question asked by his teacher- “Cotton, wool, silk and jute are classified as natural fibres, whereas nylon and polyester are classified as synthetic fibres”. Can you tell what question the teacher has asked?

Explanation:


The teacher has most likely asked a question about the classification of fibers into natural and synthetic types.

He had to classify the following materials:

  1. Cotton

  2. Wool

  3. Silk

  4. Jute

  5. Nylon

  6. Polyester


16.Once, Paheli visited a tailor shop and brought home some cuttings of fabric to study their properties. She took two pieces and found that one of the pieces was shrinking when it was burnt with a candle. However, the other did not shrink on burning. Can you help her to find out which of the two was a cotton fabric and which was a silk fabric?


Explanation:


Yes, I can help Paheli to find out which of the two fabrics was cotton and which was silk.

The fabric that shrinks on burning is a Silk. Silk is a synthetic fibre that shrinks on burning, while cotton does not shrink on burning.

When silk is burned, it gives off a smell similar to burning hair, and the ash produced is black and brittle. Cotton, on the other hand, burns quickly, giving off a smell similar to burning paper, and leaves behind a soft and feathery ash.

Therefore, the fabric that shrinks on burning is silk, and the other fabric is cotton.


17.One way of making fabric from yarn is weaving, what is the other?


Explanation:


The other common method of making fabric from yarn is knitting.

Knitting involves interlocking loops of yarn to create a fabric. Unlike weaving, where the yarns are arranged perpendicular to each other, in knitting, the yarns run parallel to each other. Knitting can be done by hand or by machine, and it can produce a variety of fabric types, including fine, stretchy fabrics for clothing and thicker, more structured fabrics for items like blankets and upholstery.

18.Boojho, with perfect eyesight, was finding it difficult to pass a thread through the eye of a needle. What can be the possible reason for this?

Explanation:


If the needle and thread size are not matched properly, it can be challenging to pass the thread through the needle. For example, if the thread is too thick for the needle or the needle's eye is too small, it can be difficult to pass the thread through.

Or if the end of the thread is split or separated into multiple strands then it can be difficult to pass the thread through the needle’s eye.

19.In ancient times, stitching was not known. People used to simply drape the fabrics around different parts of their body. Even today a number of unstitched fabrics are used by both men and women. Can you give four such examples of clothes?


Explanation:


Here are four examples of unstitched fabrics used by both men and women:


  1. Saree: The saree is a long piece of unstitched fabric that is draped around the body, with one end wrapped around the waist and the other draped over the shoulder. It is commonly worn by women in South Asia, particularly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.


  1. Lungi: The lungi is a rectangular piece of cloth that is worn around the waist and legs, similar to a sarong. It is commonly worn by men in South and Southeast Asia, particularly in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.


  1. Kikoi: The kikoi is a rectangular piece of cloth that is worn by both men and women in East Africa. It is similar to a sarong and is typically worn around the waist.


  1. Thawb: The thawb is a long, loose-fitting robe-like garment that is commonly worn by men in the Middle East and North Africa. It is typically made from lightweight, breathable fabric and can be worn for both formal and informal occasions.

20.Match the articles given in column I with the articles in column II.

Column I

Column II

(a) Sweater

(i) Cotton

(b) Cotton bolls

(ii) Wool

(c) Dhoti

(iii) Ginning

(d) Gunny bags

(iv) Jute

Explanation:


Match the articles given in column I with the articles in column II.

Column I

Column II

(a) Sweater

(i) Cotton

(b) Cotton bolls

(ii) Wool

(c) Dhoti

(iii) Ginning

(d) Gunny bags

(iv) Jute


21.Fill in the blanks to complete the life story of cotton fibre.

My parents, cotton plants were grown in_______soil and ______climate. The plants bore fruits called______. I, the cotton fibre, was separated from seeds in the cotton bolls by the process of _______. Other cotton fibres and myself were made into yarn by the process of _____. The yarn was ______to give beautiful colours and then _______ to get cotton fabric.


Explanation:


My parents, cotton plants were grown in black soil and warm climate. The plants bore fruits called cotton bolls. I, the cotton fibre, was separated from seeds in the cotton bolls by the process of ginning. Other cotton fibres and myself were made into yarn by the process of spinning. The yarn was dyed to give beautiful colours and then woven to get cotton fabric.


22.Match the terms given in column I with the statements given in column II.

Column I

Column II

(a) Weaving

(i) A single yarn used to make a fabric

(b) Knitting

(ii) Combing of cotton fibres to remove seeds

(c) Spinning

(iii) Yarns are made from these thin strands

(d) Ginning

(iv) These are spun from fibres and then used to make fabrics

(e) Fibre

(v) Process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric

(f) Yarn

(vi) Process of making yarn from fibres


Explanation:


The correct matching of articles is:

Column I

Column II

(a) Weaving

(v) Process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric

(b) Knitting

(i) A single yarn used to make a fabric

(c) Spinning

(vi) Process of making yarn from fibres

(d) Ginning

(ii) Combing of cotton fibres to remove seeds

(e) Fibre

(iii) Yarns are made from these thin

(f) Yarn

(iv) These are spun from fibres and then used to make fabrics


23.Fill in the names of useful items made from jute fibres in Fig. 3.1. One such example is given.




Explanation:


Some other useful items made from jute fibres are:


24.A cotton shirt, before it reaches you, completes a long journey. Elaborate on this journey, starting from cotton bolls.

Explanation:


Here's the journey of a cotton shirt, starting from cotton bolls:


  1. Harvesting: Once the cotton plants mature, the cotton bolls are picked by hand or with machines. These bolls contain seeds and cotton fibres.


  1. Ginning: The cotton fibres are then separated from the seeds in a process called ginning. This can be done using machines or by hand.


  1. Spinning: The separated cotton fibres are then spun into yarns using spinning machines. The yarns can be of different thicknesses depending on the desired fabric.


  1. Weaving or Knitting: The yarns are then woven or knitted into fabrics using machines or by hand. This step involves arranging two sets of yarns together to create a fabric.


  1. Dyeing and Printing: The fabrics may then be dyed to add colour and patterns using various techniques. This can be done before or after the fabric is made into a garment.


  1. Manufacturing: The fabrics are then sent to garment manufacturers who cut and sew the fabric into various garments, including shirts.


  1. Distribution: The finished garments are then packaged, labeled, and shipped to retailers, where customers can purchase them.


  1. Purchase: The cotton shirt is then purchased by the customer and becomes a part of their wardrobe.

25.Describe the two main processes of making fabric from yarn.


Explanation:


The two main processes of making fabric from yarn are:


  1. Weaving: Weaving is the process of interlacing two sets of yarns, the warp yarns and the weft yarns, at right angles to each other to create a fabric. The warp yarns are arranged lengthwise on a loom, while the weft yarns are woven across the warp yarns using a shuttle or other devices. The process of weaving can create a variety of fabrics, from lightweight, sheer fabrics to heavy, sturdy ones.


  1. Knitting: Knitting is the process of creating a fabric by interlocking loops of yarn. Unlike weaving, knitting uses a single set of yarn, which is manipulated using knitting needles or a knitting machine to create loops that are interlocked with each other. The process of knitting can create a variety of fabrics, including lightweight, stretchy fabrics like t-shirts or thicker, insulating fabrics like sweaters.


Both weaving and knitting have their own unique characteristics and advantages. Weaving is generally faster than knitting and can produce larger quantities of fabric at a time, making it a popular choice for industrial fabric production. Knitting, on the other hand, is more flexible and can create more complex shapes and patterns. It is often used to make items like socks, gloves, and other clothing accessories that require a close fit.