1. They are two terms for the process of creating compost with the aid of earthworms.
(a) Composting
(b) Vermicomposting
(c) manuring
(d) decomposition
1. They are two terms for the process of creating compost with the aid of earthworms.
(a) Composting
(b) Vermicomposting
(c) manuring
(d) decomposition
Explanation:
Vermicomposting is (b).
Earthworms improve the soil's quality. Vermicomposting is the process of creating compost with the aid of earthworms. This dung is nutrient-rich.
2. If you throw your kitchen trash in a pit, it might eventually
(a) turn into compost
(b) turn into vermicompost
(c) It might also
(d) continue to exist in its dry state eternally
2. If you throw your kitchen trash in a pit, it might eventually
(a) turn into compost
(b) turn into vermicompost
(c) It might also
(d) continue to exist in its dry state eternally
Explanation:
(a): make compost from.
Due to its biodegradability, kitchen trash is easily composted. When we add earthworms to the waste in the pit, vermicompost is created.
3. Which of the following actions does not demonstrate proper garbage disposal practises?
(a) Items transported in cloth or paper sacks.
(b) Garbage that has been gathered and sealed in plastic bags.
(c) Garbage that degrades and non-degradable waste are segregated.
(d) Crafting with recycled notebooks.
3. Which of the following actions does not demonstrate proper garbage disposal practises?
(a) Items transported in cloth or paper sacks.
(b) Garbage that has been gathered and sealed in plastic bags.
(c) Garbage that degrades and non-degradable waste are segregated.
(d) Crafting with recycled notebooks.
Explanation:
(a) Rubbish gathered and placed in plastic bags for disposal.
Plastic bags cannot decompose biologically. They continue to be this way in the environment and are highly bad for the environment. Waste that is gathered in plastic bags is thus an example of careless behaviour.
4. Paheli listed the following negative impacts of the custom of smouldering dry leaves and other plant materials.
(i) Soil deteriorates when burned.
(ii) Burning releases dangerous gases and odours.
(iii) The cost-effective raw resources needed to produce manure are lost.
(iv) Excessive heat is produced unnecessarily.
The only valid arguments against burning leaves are
(a) reasons (i) ii, and (iv); and
(b) reasons (i) ii, iii, and (iv).
(c) (ii) and (iii) only
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) only.
4. Paheli listed the following negative impacts of the custom of smouldering dry leaves and other plant materials.
(i) Soil deteriorates when burned.
(ii) Burning releases dangerous gases and odours.
(iii) The cost-effective raw resources needed to produce manure are lost.
(iv) Excessive heat is produced unnecessarily.
The only valid arguments against burning leaves are
(a) reasons (i) ii, and (iv); and
(b) reasons (i) ii, iii, and (iv).
(c) (ii) and (iii) only
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) only.
Explanation:
Option (b) reasons (i) ii, iii, and (iv).
Burning damages the soil and wastes valuable raw materials that could be turned into compost that is helpful. When dried leaves and other plant parts are burned, smoke and hazardous gases or fumes are generated.
5. A garbage collector sorts the following garbage materials into red, green, and blue bins for transfer to landfills, composting pits, and recycling units, respectively.
Items:
(a) Plastic bags
(b) newspapers journals,
(c) screws nuts,
(d) vegetable peels,
(e) metal chips,
(f)beggshells,
What was put in which bin when it was moved?
RED GREEN BLUE
(a) (i) and (iv) (ii) and (iii) (v) and (vi)
(b) (i) and (iii) (ii) and (v) (iv) and (vi)
(c) (i), (iii) and (v) (iv) and (vi) (ii) only
(d) (i) and (v) (ii) and (iv) (iii) only
5. A garbage collector sorts the following garbage materials into red, green, and blue bins for transfer to landfills, composting pits, and recycling units, respectively.
Items:
(a) Plastic bags
(b) newspapers journals,
(c) screws nuts,
(d) vegetable peels,
(e) metal chips,
(f)beggshells,
What was put in which bin when it was moved?
RED GREEN BLUE
(a) (i) and (iv) (ii) and (iii) (v) and (vi)
(b) (i) and (iii) (ii) and (v) (iv) and (vi)
(c) (i), (iii) and (v) (iv) and (vi) (ii) only
(d) (i) and (v) (ii) and (iv) (iii) only
Explanation:
(c): (i), (iii) and (v) (iv) and (vi) (ii) only
Plastic bags, screws, nuts, and metal chips in the red container are not biodegradable and should be disposed of at a landfill.
green trash can with, Eggshells and vegetable peels should be disposed of in a composting pit because they can both biodegrade.
a blue container with, Newspapers and journals should be put in the recycling unit because they can be recycled.
6. The steps necessary to turn kitchen waste into manure are listed below in a disorganised manner.
(i) Fill a hole with trash.
(ii) Spread sand over the pit's bottom.
(iii) Loosely cover the pit with grass or a gunny bag.
(iv) Add worms.
Which of the following best depicts how the aforementioned steps should be completed?
(a) (ii); (i); (iii); (iv)
(b) (i); (ii); (iii); (iv)
(c) (ii); (iv); (i); (iii)
(d) (iv); (i); (ii); (iii)
6. The steps necessary to turn kitchen waste into manure are listed below in a disorganised manner.
(i) Fill a hole with trash.
(ii) Spread sand over the pit's bottom.
(iii) Loosely cover the pit with grass or a gunny bag.
(iv) Add worms.
Which of the following best depicts how the aforementioned steps should be completed?
(a) (ii); (i); (iii); (iv)
(b) (i); (ii); (iii); (iv)
(c) (ii); (iv); (i); (iii)
(d) (iv); (i); (ii); (iii)
Explanation:
None of the options are correct. The correct option should be (ii); (i); (iv); (iii)
7. After reading the elements listed in columns I and II, complete column III with the relevant procedure.
Column I Column II Column III
(a) Organic waste Earthworms (i) ……………
(b) Garbage Dig pit and fill with garbage (ii) ……………
(c) Old newspaper Paper bags (iii) ……………
7. After reading the elements listed in columns I and II, complete column III with the relevant procedure.
Column I Column II Column III
(a) Organic waste Earthworms (i) ……………
(b) Garbage Dig pit and fill with garbage (ii) ……………
(c) Old newspaper Paper bags (iii) ……………
Explanation:
Here is the correct process:
Column I Column II Column III
(a) Organic waste Earthworms (i) Vermicomposting
(b) Garbage Dig pit and fill with garbage (ii) Landfill
(c) Old newspaper Paper bags (iii) Recycling
8. Change just one word in the meanings of a few terms listed below.
(i) Compost: Materials transformed into manure for industrial purpose.
(ii) Landfill: Junk that is submerged in a location.
(iii) Recycling is the reuse of waste material in the same or a different form.
8. Change just one word in the meanings of a few terms listed below.
(i) Compost: Materials transformed into manure for industrial purpose.
(ii) Landfill: Junk that is submerged in a location.
(iii) Recycling is the reuse of waste material in the same or a different form.
Explanation:
(i) Composting: This is the process of turning organic matter into manure for use on farms.
(ii) Landfilling: This procedure involves burying trash in the ground in a particular area.
(iii) Reusing used resources in the same or a different form is known as recycling.
9. Come up with a phrase that accurately captures the meaning of each of the following sentences.
(a) Newspaper-based greeting cards.
(b) The garbage cans' contents.
(c) Worms producing manure from specific types of garbage.
(d) A location where waste is gathered, spread out, and covered with dirt.
9. Come up with a phrase that accurately captures the meaning of each of the following sentences.
(a) Newspaper-based greeting cards.
(b) The garbage cans' contents.
(c) Worms producing manure from specific types of garbage.
(d) A location where waste is gathered, spread out, and covered with dirt.
Explanation:
(a) Recyclability
(b) Waste
(c) Vermicomposting
(d) Landfill
10. How and to what use can the following types of trash be put?
(i) rotting, foul waste
(ii) dry leaves gathered in garbage
(iii) Old newspapers
10. How and to what use can the following types of trash be put?
(i) rotting, foul waste
(ii) dry leaves gathered in garbage
(iii) Old newspapers
Explanation:
(i) It is biodegradable for rubbish to rot and become offensive. Compost or vermicompost can be made from it. Organic waste, such as dried leaves, fruit peels, and vegetable peels, can be turned into compost by burying it in a pit and covering it with dirt. Vermicompost is created with the aid of earthworms.
(ii) Compost or vermicompost is created from dry leaves collected in trash cans.
(iii) Used newspapers can be used to make recycled paper, paper pulp for crafts, book covers, and paper for paper bags.
11. Paheli was composing a letter for her pal. The initial draught of her letter was messy, so she crumpled it up and dropped it to the ground. She similarly crumpled six more papers and threw them to the ground. Finally, she scooped them up, placed them in a polythene bag, and flung the bag out onto the street in front of her house. Do you believe Paheli's actions were at fault? If you were in her shoes, what action would you have taken?
11. Paheli was composing a letter for her pal. The initial draught of her letter was messy, so she crumpled it up and dropped it to the ground. She similarly crumpled six more papers and threw them to the ground. Finally, she scooped them up, placed them in a polythene bag, and flung the bag out onto the street in front of her house. Do you believe Paheli's actions were at fault? If you were in her shoes, what action would you have taken?
Explanation:
No, Paheli acted in an irresponsible manner as a citizen. She is contaminating the ecosystem by doing this. She might use the used papers in many ways rather than throwing them away. By tossing a polythene bag on the road, she is polluting the environment with non-biodegradable garbage.
If I had been at her house, I would have either turned the waste paper into paper pulp for crafts or for hard work, or I would have utilised it for décor.
12. After reading the poetry below, use the knowledge you've gained from the book or other sources to respond to the questions.
(i) Identify the two waste categories that must be kept apart and placed in separate trash cans.
(ii) List two waste items from each person that must be sent to a landfill or a composting facility.
12. After reading the poetry below, use the knowledge you've gained from the book or other sources to respond to the questions.
(i) Identify the two waste categories that must be kept apart and placed in separate trash cans.
(ii) List two waste items from each person that must be sent to a landfill or a composting facility.
Explanation:
(i) Biodegradable garbage and non-biodegradable waste are the two types of trash that must be kept apart in separate trash cans.
With the aid of bacteria, the container containing biodegradable trash can be transformed into simpler forms that can be utilised as manure.
Non-biodegradable garbage cannot be recycled or transformed in the bin containing it. As a result, the waste can be dumped in a landfill.
(ii) (a) Metal scraps, emptied glass bottles, used plastic plates, etc. are just a few of the goods that can be dumped in landfills.
(b) You can compost kitchen wastes such vegetable peels, dried leaves, animal dung, etc.
13. Every day, a farmer in Beera would rake and burn the dry leaves that had fallen on the ground. After some time, he discovered that people in the huts close to his field had breathing and coughing issues.
(i) Can you explain why?
(ii) Also, provide an eco-friendly suggestion for how to get rid of the dried leaves.
13. Every day, a farmer in Beera would rake and burn the dry leaves that had fallen on the ground. After some time, he discovered that people in the huts close to his field had breathing and coughing issues.
(i) Can you explain why?
(ii) Also, provide an eco-friendly suggestion for how to get rid of the dried leaves.
Explanation:
(i) Burning dry leaves emits toxic fumes and gases that can lead to coughing, breathing difficulties, and other health issues. As a result of breathing in the hazardous vapours and fumes created by the burning of dry leaves, people who lived in huts close to Beera's field experienced similar issues.
(ii) Composting is a technique for creating manure that involves placing dry leaves in a pit and composing them. The dry leaves can be disposed of in an eco-friendly manner. In the agricultural fields, farmers might apply this manure made from dry leaves.
14. Mark Table 16.1's trash items that could be turned into manure with a checkmark (). Against the others, place an X.
Garbage Items Make manure or not
(i) Eggshells
(ii) Straw
(iii) Dry flowers
(iv) Pebbles
(v) Broken pieces of glass
(vi) Nails and screws
(vii) Plastic bangles
(viii) Leftover food
(ix) Steel broken vessel
(x) Dead animals
14. Mark Table 16.1's trash items that could be turned into manure with a checkmark (). Against the others, place an X.
Garbage Items Make manure or not
(i) Eggshells
(ii) Straw
(iii) Dry flowers
(iv) Pebbles
(v) Broken pieces of glass
(vi) Nails and screws
(vii) Plastic bangles
(viii) Leftover food
(ix) Steel broken vessel
(x) Dead animals
Explanation:
Garbage Items Make manure or not
(i) Eggshells ✓
(ii) Straw ✓
(iii) Dry flowers ✓
(iv) Pebbles X
(v) Broken pieces of glass X
(vi) Nails and screws X
(vii) Plastic bangles X
(viii) Leftover food ✓
(ix) Steel broken vessel X
(x) Dead animals ✓
15. The waste segregation techniques used by two families, X and Y, are depicted in pie charts A and B in Figure 16.1.
Whose family, X or Y, do you believe to be more ecologically conscious, and why?
15. The waste segregation techniques used by two families, X and Y, are depicted in pie charts A and B in Figure 16.1.
Whose family, X or Y, do you believe to be more ecologically conscious, and why?
Explanation:
Because they separated biodegradable and non-biodegradable items, Family X is more environmentally conscientious. They are aware that improper waste disposal is improper. In contrast to family Y, who combined kitchen waste and polythene bags as one waste, they disposed of their biodegradable kitchen waste and non-biodegradable polythene bags separately.
16. The steps for vermicomposting are listed below, and each phase is denoted by an alphabet. Put the steps back in the proper order, and then write the alphabets on the supplied chart. You've completed one step.
F. In a suitable location in your backyard, dig a pit.
C. Sand the pit's floor completely.
E. Place fruit and vegetable trash in the pit.
A. Pour little water over it to keep it moist
D. Fill the hole B with red worms.
B.Use grass or a gunny sack to cover
Step 1 – F
2 –
3 –
4 –
5 –
6 –
16. The steps for vermicomposting are listed below, and each phase is denoted by an alphabet. Put the steps back in the proper order, and then write the alphabets on the supplied chart. You've completed one step.
F. In a suitable location in your backyard, dig a pit.
C. Sand the pit's floor completely.
E. Place fruit and vegetable trash in the pit.
A. Pour little water over it to keep it moist
D. Fill the hole B with red worms.
B.Use grass or a gunny sack to cover
Step 1 – F
2 –
3 –
4 –
5 –
6 –
Explanation:
Step 1 – F
Step 2 – C
Step 3 – E
Step 4 – A
Step 5 – D
Step 6 – B
17. If you happen to view the following, write three sentences on what comes to mind.
(a) A picker of rags.
(b) A cow chowing down on a plastic bag.
(c) The smell of rubbish coming from the area outside your front door.
17. If you happen to view the following, write three sentences on what comes to mind.
(a) A picker of rags.
(b) A cow chowing down on a plastic bag.
(c) The smell of rubbish coming from the area outside your front door.
Explanation:
(a) A rag picker.
(i) When we see a rag picker, we think of people who are destitute or living in substandard conditions.
(ii) He distinguishes between biodegradable and non-biodegradable garbage.
(iii) He exposes himself to the dangerous materials produced by solid waste, which are known to induce a number of ailments.
(b) A cow consuming a plastic bag
(i) It's dangerous for a cow to eat a polythene bag because it exemplifies the careless way that people dispose of their trash by using these bags as trash cans.
(ii) A cow comes into contact with dangerous garbage-derived substance.
(iii) A cow could suffocate from the plastic bag.
(c) A bad smell coming from the garbage at your front door.
(i) It denotes the generation of a significant amount of garbage.
(ii) We anticipate that other people will remove the trash we produce. This demonstrates our carelessness with regard to rubbish disposal.
(iii) The filthy rubbish creates an unclean environment and an unattractive look, which could encourage the development of numerous diseases.
18. In our nation, paper pulp is used to make exquisitely handmade items like toys and boxes. Could you elaborate on how paper pulp, which is created from paper, is utilised to create hard boxes and other items?
18. In our nation, paper pulp is used to make exquisitely handmade items like toys and boxes. Could you elaborate on how paper pulp, which is created from paper, is utilised to create hard boxes and other items?
Explanation:
Paper pulp is used in our nation to make exquisitely handmade items like toys and boxes.
These are several procedures for making it:
Sawdust, glue, and paper pulp are combined with the paper. We can harden the paper by mixing glue and sawdust together. As a result, the structure is coated with a few layers of this hard pulp to create hard boxes, toys, etc.After then, it is allowed to dry up. Toys and hard boxes can be treated further after the pulp has dried. Therefore, the box is prepared.
19. Did you know that numerous locations recently banned the use of plastic bags? Is the prohibition appropriate? Provide three sentences of justifications.
19. Did you know that numerous locations recently banned the use of plastic bags? Is the prohibition appropriate? Provide three sentences of justifications.
Explanation:
Absolutely, there should be a ban on plastic bags because
(a) Because plastic is not biodegradable, when it is heated or burned, it releases toxic fumes. These gases have the potential to harm the environment and give individuals many ailments.
(b) Garbage is dumped using plastic bags on roads, into rivers, etc. Animals ingest the food and plastic bags, which causes them to suffocate and die.
(c) The obstruction of trash in the drains causes the sewage system to clog. It might even produce a condition akin to a flood during periods of severe rain.
20. Why shouldn't plastic objects be burned?
20. Why shouldn't plastic objects be burned?
Explanation:
Plastic objects shouldn't be burned because
(i) Burning plastic releases toxic chemicals and fumes that are harmful to the environment, wildlife, and human health.
(ii) Plastic cannot be easily burned because it is a non-biodegradable material.
(iii) Animals may ingest the burned plastic debris, which could suffocate them to death.
(iv) Burning plastic damages the environment by causing air and soil pollution.
21. When does this occur?
Insecticide, motor oil, and paints are thrown down the drain together with cooking medium.
Throwing tea leaves, cotton swabs, and worn-out plush toys down the sink.
21. When does this occur?
Insecticide, motor oil, and paints are thrown down the drain together with cooking medium.
Throwing tea leaves, cotton swabs, and worn-out plush toys down the sink.
Explanation:
(i) Making the cooking medium flow down a drain could clog the pipes and cause a drainage issue. Also, if the cooking medium gets into the soil, it will block the soil's pores, reducing soil fertility and polluting the soil.
(ii) Pouring paint, motor oil, or insecticides down the drain could clog the pipes and result in a drainage issue. Also, if the discharge enters water bodies, it will pollute the water and may infect aquatic species with dangerous diseases.
(iii) Throwing tea leaves, cotton swabs, and worn-out plush toys down drains can clog the pipes and result in a drainage issue. As a result, the water starts to spill in public areas and pollute the environment instead of going down the drains.
22. In one or two words or sentences, respond to the following questions.
(i) Why would using paper bags be preferable to using polythene bags?
(ii) Which among the following—father, mother, older brother, younger sister—should appropriately dispose of the trash?
(iii) Which type of worm—earthworm, roundworm, or beetle—is employed in vermicomposting, and why?
22. In one or two words or sentences, respond to the following questions.
(i) Why would using paper bags be preferable to using polythene bags?
(ii) Which among the following—father, mother, older brother, younger sister—should appropriately dispose of the trash?
(iii) Which type of worm—earthworm, roundworm, or beetle—is employed in vermicomposting, and why?
Explanation:
(i) Paper bags can be recycled and biodegraded, whereas polythene bags cannot, making them dangerous to people, animals, plants, and the environment. Paper bags are therefore preferred over polythene bags.
(ii) The waste should be appropriately disposed of by each member of the family. Every person, whether they are a mother, father, older brother, or younger sister, should be concerned about it.
(iii) Compost is created by earthworms from plant and animal waste or by-products. Hence, vermicomposting uses earthworms.
