Chapter-3 The Making of a Global World

Explanation:

Solution -

a) Asia-Prior to the 17th century, the silk routes were a vibrant  illustration of pre-modern trade. chroniclers have  linked several silk routes, both overland and by  ocean, that connect Asia to Europe and northern Africa. These trade routes carried Chinese crockery,  fabrics, and spices from India and Southeast Asia. In exchange, precious essence – gold and  tableware – were transferred from Europe to Asia.' Alternate, Christian missionaries and,  latterly, Muslim  priests used these routes. It should be noted then that, in ancient times, Buddhism spread in a variety of directions via  cutting points on the silk routes. -      

b) Americas - Following Christopher Columbus' discovery of the Americas,  numerous of our common foods,  similar as potatoes, soya, groundnuts,  sludge, tomatoes, and chillies, came from America's original  occupants, the American Indians. America's vast lands, abundant crops, and minerals  converted trade and lives worldwide beginning in the sixteenth century. Precious essence from mines in Peru and Mexico,  similar as  tableware, increased Europe's wealth and financed its trade with Asia. Legends about South America's  legendary wealth spread throughout seventeenth- century Europe. numerous  peregrinations set out in hunt of El Dorado, the  fabulous gold  megacity. therefore, global exchanges  was  previous to the seventeenth century

Explanation:

Solution – America was converted into a colony in September 1493. It came independent of the European rule in July 1898.  When the Europeans came to America, they brought with them several different types of  conditions and  conditions causing  origins. Because Americans had no  impunity, the  conditions spread  deep into the communities and redounded in the  extermination of large communities that made it possible for the Europeans to  fluently conquer several of the areas of America and  populate them.  Americans had a  veritably low  impunity and couldn't fight against any type of  conditions. This helped in the colonisation of America.

Explanation:

Solution – The sludge Laws were  enforced to  put high tariffs on imported food grains. The price of food grains was kept high so that domestic  product could be favored and  lower food grains were imported. still, the British  husbandry  yield wasn't  suitable to  contend with the imported food grains and so a lot of land was left uncultivated. The  invalidation of the sludge Laws made cheaper food grains available in Britain.  When the British government abolished the Corn Law, the  flux of cheaper food in Britain came possible.

Explanation:

Solution – Rinderpest after its  appearance in Africa spread throughout the  mainland within two times and destroyed the frugality and livelihood of people. The  complaint killed  nearly 90 of the cattle and no measures were enough to  manage with the destruction caused thereof. This gave a chance to the  agronomists, mine  possessors as well as the  social government to strengthen their power and get control over the  mainland and also force the people into labor  request.  Rinderpest was an contagious complaint that came to Africa in 1880 and impacted the lives of people as well as the frugality.

Explanation:

Solution – death of men of working age in world war led to a  drop in the  pool in Europe. In addition, the income of  homes  dropped because men weren't there to work. As a consequence,  numerous women stepped out of their homes to earn a living and  take over jobs that were meant for men. ultimately, the  part of women came important in the society and they started demanding equal rights leading to the strengthening of the feminist movement in Europe.  World War  needed  numerous men of the working age to leave their work and go to fight the war in which they were met with death.   

Explanation:

Solution – India under the British exported agrarian goods and imported manufactured goods. But the Great Depression led to a  drop in the price of goods that India exported. This in turn reduced the income that the  growers earned. The debt that the  growers  possessed came a pressure for them because the  levies weren't reduced by the government and their plight came  veritably bad. In addition, India also had to face reduced exports and came an importer of precious essence which created an imbalance in the  plutocrat reserves of India.  The Great Depression affected  nearly all global  husbandry of the world and India being a British colony was also affected by it.

Explanation:

Solution – The relocation of  product capacities of MNCs to Asian countries increased the inflow of capital in the Asian countries and made them more visible on the global  profitable platform. It also brought new technology and better  styles of  product to Asian countries in addition to generating several employment  openings to the Asian countries.  MNCs shifted their  product to Asian countries because the labour in these countries was cheap and worked at lower  stipend as compared to other countries of the world. 

Explanation:

Solution – New technology enabled the people to  mileage food in a better way. Faster railroads, lighter carts, and larger   vessels helped in moving food more cheaply and  snappily from away  granges to final markets. The development made it possible to transport food in a quick and less   precious manner. Technology also led to the development of refrigerated  vessels that helped in transporting perishable food  particulars over long distances.  With the technological  inventions, food vacuity came more in different  corridor of the world. 

Explanation:

Solution – The Brettons Wood Conference directed to the founding of the International Monetary Fund. This body pactis to plan with  deficit and  fat of  financial fund of its member nations. In addition, grounded on the agreement, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was also set up that  supported in fixing the exchange rates. This bank was  responsible for financing the restoration after the World War.  The Brettons Wood Agreement was  inked in July 1944 at Bretton Woods located in New Hamshire in USA. The agreement was  inked by the world powers to manage  financial fund.

Explanation:

Solution - Hello Family

I trust everything is okay there. I am an enslaved laborer in the Caribbean. I want to inform you about my job and the difficulties I've faced through this letter. I was recruited by the colonizers under a contract that provided false information about my job's location, my

means of transportation, and my living and working circumstances. The worker talks negatively and abusively to us. At the plantations, I frequently have to complete a large amount of work with a hefty task in a single day. If the worker is dissatisfied with my job, my pay is reduced. I am leading a life of servitude here. Knowing my predicament will make you very angry, I know that However, the local governments are considering passing new legislation to safeguard workers like us. I therefore expect that this situation will end shortly.

Your Kindness,

XYZ

Explanation:

Solution - The three categories of motions or flows that make up the global trade of goods and services are:

1. Trade flow (trade in commodities like cloth or wheat): Since ancient times, India has engaged in trade interactions. In exchange for European cash and silver, it shipped fabrics and spices.

2. Labor flow, or the movement of individuals in pursuit of employment: Thousands of Indian laborers worked on farms, in mines, and on international road and railroad building projects during the nineteenth century. Under contracts that guaranteed their return to India after serving on the farm for five years, indentured laborers were recruited. The workers had very few formal rights and had to put up with harsh living circumstances.

3. Capital flow (short- and long-term debts to and from other countries): Britain borrowed heavily from the USA to pay for World War I. Since India was ruled by the British, the effects of these lending obligations were felt there as well. In addition to raising taxation and interest rates, the British government also reduced the cost of the goods it purchased from the territory. This impacted the Indian economy very severely.

Explanation:

Solution - The following are some of the causes of the Great Depression:

1. During the 1920s, the USA experienced prosperity, which led to an increase in jobs and earnings. Demands and usage both increased as a result. More work and investment produced speculative inclinations that fueled the Great Depression from 1929 until the mid-1930s.

2. The 1929 stock market collapse. Panic was sparked among savers and speculators. They ceased saving and spending, which started a downward spiral.

Failure of the banks 

3. The money investment networks were worse off as a result of the US funds being withdrawn. It resulted in the failure of the majority of the big institutions in Europe. Some banks shut down as a result of customers withdrawing all of their assets, which prevented them from making investments. Despite the declining worth of the dollar, some institutions demanded back loans that were borrowed from them at the same dollar rate.

Explanation:

Solution - A new International Economic Order was requested by the G-77 group of emerging nations. (NIEO). They described the NIEO as a system that would give them full

control over their natural resources, more equitable raw material costs, and greater access for their produced products to marketplaces in the industrialized nations. The United Nations' Group of 77 (G77) is an alliance of 134 developing nations created to advance the economic goals of all of its members.

The industrialized nations created the Bretton Woods twins, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. These institutions had nothing to do with the development of the economies of the former colonial powers and developing countries; they were established to satisfy the financial requirements of the industrialized countries. The sole purpose of G-77 is to serve the requirements of emerging countries. Therefore, G-77 can be viewed as a response to the Bretton Woods brothers' actions.