Chapter-4 The Age of Industrialisation

Explanation:

Spinning Jenny was constructed in 1764. New technology made the workers hostile to it due to the fear of severance. With the help of this machine, the process of spinning speeded up. Labour demand dropped swiftly. Numerous weaver were left without work. As a result, women attacked the new machine.

Explanation:

The following reasons are behind this 

•  The merchandisers wanted to expand their product because the demand of goods increased. In the city, trafficker couldn't employ crafters because they had veritably important fort there. So, they employed peasants and artisans (crafters) from the villages. 

•   In the villages, the poor peasants and crafters were ready to work for merchandisers because they were unemployed and poor. 

•   merchandisers in towns were hindered Dislike because they were granted specific licence to produce goods. So, they moved to villages (townlets).  

          With the growth of world trade and the accession of colonies in different corridor of the world, the demand for goods increased but merchandisers weren't suitable to expand product within the municipalities. This was because then civic trade and crafts council were powerful .it was thus delicate for new merchandisers to establishment business in municipalities. So, they turned into the country. 

 Explanation:

The port (harbourage) of Surat was the major harbourage before the age of machines. It linked India to the Gulf and the Red Sea anchorages. But East India Company and other European companies monopolised Indian trade by the end of 18th century. They set up their own anchorages like Bombay. 

 Surat and the Gujrat seacoast connected India to the Red Sea and Gulf, The European companies sluggishly gained power. Accordingly, there was a deadline of the old anchorages of Surat through which original merchandisers had operated their trade. Which Exports from these anchorages fell significantly, the credit which had financed the earlier trade began drying up, and the original bankers sluggishly went void.  As a result, the harbourage of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.

Explanation:

East India Company wanted to take hold of the Indian trade. It tried to develop a system of operation and control which would end the competition and insure the regular force of Indian goods especially cotton and silk. It decided to end the actuality of dealers and agents to establish direct control over the embroiderer. Thus, the Company appointed paid retainers who were called Gomasthas. 

Their duty was to give advance loans to weavers, get their entire product and maintain quality. The Gomasthas treated weavers veritably roughly.  The company tried to abolish the being dealers and brokers connected with the cloth trade and establish a more direct control over the weavers. It appointed a paid menial known as the gomasthas to collect, inventories, supervise weavers and examine the quality of cloths.

Explanation:

 FALSE

• Jobs in Europe were delicate to find in the 19th century. As industrialization took place people started to cut down workers in their enterprises and added ministries. Machines replaced the work of the workers which lead to severance in the country.

• In Europe, there was increased severance in the 19th century and the situation remained so adding the chance of jobless to nearly 75%. 

• There came the skill predicated changes due to the industrialization the job request demand workers with chops due to chops mismatch their prevailed severance in this request. 

• The unskilled workers weren't suitable to find job in the request. Also, the industrialization had reduced the need for man force which is also reason for the increase in severance.  

•  The statement is FALSE as ultimate of the population of Europe was jobless by the end of the 19th century. Though employment rates started to increase in the late 19th century but in the last many times Europe faced loftiest severance rates.

  
  

Explanation:

TRUE

• India produced quality textiles in the 18th century and pacified the request for fabrics ( textiles). The vacuity of silk and cotton raw materials was abundant in India which had demands in other countries also

• The Indian textiles dominated the international market in the 18th century with most of the silk and cotton exports being from India to different corridor of the world.

•  The productivity of handloom textiles increased after the invention of cover shuttle. After the American civil war, the exports of cotton were increased gradationally.

•  The textiles of India had reputable demand before the colonies  enthralled the country. 

• Prominent consumption of textiles from India was done than further than duirnal wear and tear for men and women. 

• The demand for Indian textiles was indeed seen in Africa. On seeing the style of African consumption of textiles the Europeans also demanded more textiles from India. And this way the textile industry of India flourished well in the international market.

The statement is TRUE as India did export a huge quantity of textiles in the 18th century.

Explanation:

 FALSE

• Cotton exports from India were not impacted by the American Civil War whereas it increased the market share for Indian cotton.

• The American Civil War resulted in the cotton supplies from USA to be cut off and therefore the British turned to India for meeting the demands for cotton. 

• Previously India’s cotton import by Britain was only 30% of total imports while after the American war 90% of imports of Britain were from India. India’s cotton was finer when compared to other coarse cotton produced by other countries.

•  The American civil war which lasted for four years increased the demand for Indian cotton during that period. Even after the American war the demand for Indian cotton was about 67% by Britain. India though is a subcontinent dominated the English market at the time of the American civil war.
  
  

The statement is FALSE as the cotton exports from India increased because of the American Civil War. The war stimulated the development of Indian cotton exports.

Explanation:

TRUE

• The fly shuttle enables weavers to weave more fabric and has increased the weaving the efficiency of the weavers and enhanced the productivity.

• The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled the process of weaving to be mechanized. This in turn increased the productivity of the weavers as a single weaver could weave more fabric.

•  During the industrial revolution one of the significant inventions was flying shuttle that was used to weave large and wide fabrics which is difficult for an individual weaver to weave.

•  This development of flying shuttle helped the weavers to weave faster and more fabric in the same given time. Flying shuttle had the bobbin which was efficient as the weft yarn could be kept wound easily.

• The statement is TRUE as the introduction of fly shuttle allowed handloom workers to improve their productivity.

Explanation:

Proto industrialisation was based on the concept of decentralized production units wherein large-scale production could be carried out. During this phase, there was no factory system and the production of goods was meant for the international market

Even before factories began to be set up the landscape in Europe and England, there was large scale industrial production for an international market .it was not based on international market. It was not based on factories; this phase of industrialisation is referred to as Proto- industrialisation.

Proto industrialization was the earliest phase of industrialization. Proto industrialisation is the phase of industrialization that was not based on the factory system. Before the coming of factories, there was large-scale industrial production for an international market. This part of industrial history is known as Proto industrialisation.