Chapter-2 Nationalism in India

Explanation:

Colonization reduced peoples' independence, and the resistance to imperial rule boosted nationalist feelings. People from all walks of life came together in their feelings of exploitation and oppression, which led to the growth of nationalist views. There is a link between anti-colonial movements and the growth of nationalism in the colonies as a result.

 Explanation:

A committee was established by the British government to review the 1919 Government of India Act. The commission's goal was to examine how the act operated and offer suggestions for additional administrative system changes. As a consequence, the commission was named after its chairman, Sir John Simon. On the other side, Indian nationalists were against the Commission because it didn't have a single Indian member. As a consequence, the Simon Commission was greeted with the sign "Go Back" when it arrived in India in 1928. Representatives from all groups, including the Congress and the Muslim League, participated in the discussion.

Explanation:

Gandhiji chose to put an end to the Non-Cooperation Movement due to numerous instances of public violence, especially the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922, in which protesters clashed with the police and set a police station on fire. Gandhiji thought that satyagrahis needed to be correctly trained in nonviolent protests and that the populace was not yet ready for a widespread uprising.

Explanation:

Truth and "insistence" or "holding firmly to" are the literal definitions of Satyagraha, which is "holding fiercely to the truth." Peaceful civic resistance is referred to as Satyagraha. Using Satyagraha was a novel method to incite the populace. The idea of Satyagraha places a strong emphasis on the value of truth and the need to search it out. It suggested that using physical force to combat the oppressor was unnecessary if the cause was just and the battle was for justice. It implied that if the cause was just and the fight was for justice, resisting the oppressor did not necessitate using physical force.

Explanation:

 On April 13, 1919, a sizable crowd gathered in the walled grounds of Jallianwala Bagh, some to voice opposition to the British government's repressive policies and others to take part in the yearly Baisakhi Fair. These citizens were ignorant that the city had been placed under Marshal Law. The leader, General Dyer, blocked the exits from Bagh and started shooting at the populace. Dyer wanted to terrorise satyagrahis so that his actions would have a "moral impact." The British troops' indiscriminate firing resulted in hundreds of innocent civilian deaths or injuries, which infuriated the country. The catastrophe at Jallianwala Bagh was the most violent in Indian history.

Explanation:

A committee was established by the British government to review the 1919 Government of India Act. The commission's goal was to examine how the act operated and offer suggestions for additional administrative system changes. As a consequence, the commission was named after its chairman, Sir John Simon. On the other side, Indian nationalists were against the Commission because it didn't have a single Indian member. As a consequence, the Simon Commission was greeted with the sign "Go Back" when it arrived in India in 1928. Representatives from all groups, including the Congress and the Muslim League, participated in the discussion.

Explanation:

The national symbols of Germany and India were respectively represented by images of Germania and Bharat Mata.

• Nationalists were inspired by both images to battle tenaciously for political liberalism and national unity.

• In contrast to Germania, Bharat Mata's image shows the religious foundation upon which it was founded.

• Bharat Mata is depicted by Abanindranath Tagore as having knowledge, sustenance, clothing, and some ascetic traits. Bharat Mother is depicted in another piece of art holding Trishul while standing next to an elephant and a lion, both of which area representations of strength and authority. This picture seems to be closer to the one of Germania, who is shown brandishing a blade and shield.

Explanation:

The Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921 was joined by members of the urban middle class, including labourers, students, peasants, tribal members, and instructors.

• By boycotting imported products, the middle class hoped to boost sales of locally produced textiles and handicrafts.

• Peasants joined the movement to escape harsh landowners and the oppressive taxes levied by the colonial government.

• Plantation workers joined the protest in the hopes of obtaining both land for their own communities and the freedom to move freely both inside and outside the plantations.

Explanation:

Due to the fact that it was planned in opposition to a product—salt—that was consumed by both the wealthy and the impoverished, the Salt March served as a potent representation of anti-colonial resistance. The government's monopoly on salt manufacturing and the tax on salt were both restrictive administrative policies. Gandhiji encountered a lot of ordinary people on the Salt March and shared with them the real meaning of swaraj and nonviolence, which contributed to the success of the march. Gandhiji demonstrated for the entire country how to resist oppressors without using force by politely defying the law and producing salt in spite of government orders. This led to the emergence of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.

Explanation:

Women at the period were restricted to their homes. The traditional view of a lady was as a housewife. Despite having a good education, I was prohibited from taking part in social or political activities. However, I believed that by taking part in the Civil Disobedience Movement, I could aid in the process of building a country. I was unable to refuse Gandhiji's summons as a result. And I joined the movement actively, going against the morals of my family. I experienced a transformation and a shift in perception about myself and my place in society as a result of taking part in Gandhi's Civil Disobedience Movement. I felt more a part of my country and the people around me, and I began to see myself as a patriot rather than just a lady who was dependent on her.

Explanation:

Political leaders argued vehemently about the problem of various electorates due to ideological differences. While some advocates for minorities and Dalits believed that their social disadvantages could only be overcome through political empowerment, others, including Gandhiji, worried that having distinct electorates would stifle their integration into society. Additionally, it was predicted that the country's system of distinct electorates would progressively splinter because every community or class would seek its own representation.

Explanation:

Today's Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam were once part of Indochina.

2. From the start, Indo-China was greatly influenced by the French occupation and Chinese communist ideals.

3. Only these colonial countries benefited from Indochina's substantial wealth.

4. A significant anti-colonial uprising occurred in 1916 but was ruthlessly put down.

5. The major political party established in Indo-China in 1927 was the Vietnam Nationalist Party.

6. Ho Chi Minh established the revolutionary youth organization in 1925. He was the leader of the suppressed farmer uprising in 1930. Thereafter, he left for Russia.

7. in 1940, when Germany beat France. This was manipulated in favor of the Vietnamese by Ho Chi Minh and his supporters.

8. He founded the Viet Minh League, an organization that fought for the freedom of Vietnam, in 1941.

9. Ho-Chi-Minh helped Vietnamese independence regain its significance.