Introduction Acceleration represents the change in velocity of an object. It can either be positive or negative, depending on whether the final velocity is greater or less than the initial velocity. Thus, if the velocity of an object is decreasing with time, it is said to possess negative acceleration or retardation. Acceleration is a vector […]
Introduction An atom is the smallest component of any given element. Subatomic particles like as the proton, neutron, and electron can be further isolated from atoms, which were once thought to be invincible. Since the quantity of protons and electrons in every atom is the same, every atom is non-conducting. When an atom loses or […]
Introduction The term “fluid” is used to describe a material that may take on several forms. Things that are fluids are ones that can be moved around rather easily. This chapter focuses on the physical properties of viscosity and surface tension shown by fluids. The two processes are dependent on molecular interactions. Both surface tension […]
Introduction Evaporation is the transition from the liquid to the vapour phase that takes place at pressures and temperatures below the boiling point (a condition of a substance just below its critical temperature). Evaporation occurs only when a substance’s relative vapour pressure is less than its equilibrium state vapour pressure. However, rather than a phase […]
Introduction Molar masses that are calculated to be too high or too low than the actual molar mass are deemed abnormal molar mass. They are calculated using the colligative characteristics. Among the colloquial features are a higher osmotic pressure, a lower vapour pressure, a lower freezing point, and a higher boiling point. Van’t Hoff factor […]
Introduction Among the several intermolecular forces that exist, Van der Waals forces are notable. Johannes Diderik van der Waals, a Dutch scientist, proposed them in 1873 and so they bear his name. When compared to other intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and ionic bonding, Van der Waals forces are weak. Nonetheless, they continue to play […]
Introduction When it comes to understanding the transport of water and nutrients in plants, the concepts of apoplast and symplast are crucial. Plants have two primary transport systems that work together to move water and nutrients from the roots to the shoots and leaves. These transport systems are called the apoplast and symplast pathways. Both […]
Introduction The muscular system is an organ system in the body that is responsible for generating force and movement. It includes all the muscles in the body, as well as their associated tendons, which connect muscles to bones, and ligaments, which connect bones to other bones. The muscular system works together with other systems in […]
Introduction Muscular dystrophy is a type of debilitating genetic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It causes progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles, leading to disability and, in some cases, premature death this includes many disorders. This condition can occur at any age, but it usually manifests in childhood. The severity of the […]