Chapter-1 The Story of Village Palampur

Explanation:

These are the methods used in modern farming and they are

● chemical fertilizers 

● pesticides 

● pump sets 

● farm machinery 

● electricity 

● diesel 

● HYV seeds 

● water supply 

All of these inputs like tools, and implements are manufactured in industry.Machine industries provide various kinds of irrigation pumps, and farming machinery to improve productivity and minimize farming efforts.HYV seeds are developed in agriculture research laboratories.Chemical and soil engineering-based industries provide fertilizers and pesticides to boost agriculture.Electricity is supplied by using powerhouses.Water supply is done by canals.

Explanation:

Most of the waged labourer are employed on a daily basis, or for the whole year. Most small farmers borrow money from large farmers or moneylenders for high interest rates to arrange for the capital. They borrow money from traders who supply various requirements for farming.By the high interest rates for the borrowed money or loans. They are put to great distress to repay the loan and they pay very low wages to the farm labourers. 

The minimum wages for a farm labourers in Palampur are less than minimum wages set by the Indian government which is 60 rupees per day.It is because of the heavy competition for work among the labourers. So, people agree to work for lower wages. 

Explanation:

Multiple cropping is a term used to describe the practice of cultivating more than one crop on the same piece of land within a year. This approach is a popular method of boosting production on a given parcel of land. In Palampur, all farmers plant two primary crops as a minimum, with many adding potatoes as a third crop over the past 15-20 years.

Explanation:

Savita, a small-scale farmer, intended to cultivate wheat on her 1-hectare land. However, she faced financial constraints and required money to purchase seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. Additionally, she needed cash for maintenance of her farm instruments and water supply. Since her working capital alone cost at least Rs 3,000, she approached Tejpal Singh, a prominent farmer, for monetary assistance. Unfortunately, Tejpal Singh charged a hefty interest rate of 24 percent for a period of four months. 

Savita consented to working as a farm laborer for Tejpal Singh at a rate of Rs 35 per day during the harvest season, in addition to finishing harvesting on her own field. She recognized that the wage was insufficient and that it would require considerable work to complete both tasks within the stipulated time. However, she agreed to the demanding conditions because she was aware of the difficulty faced by small farmers in securing loans. In the absence of a low-interest loan from a bank, Savita's circumstances would have been different.

Explanation:

It is necessary to educate the villagers about the advantages of non-farm production activities. Additionally, they must be taught how to participate in such activities. Villagers who believe they can only make a living by farming need proper direction and assistance to engage in such activities.

Explanation:

Only about 40% of the country's cultivated land is served by irrigation systems. Sixty percent of the cultivable land remains dependent on rainfall for irrigation. This indicates that sixty percent of the nation's farmers will not be able to reap the benefits of multiple cropping. Their income is also low because they produce less. As a result, they are poor.

Therefore, farm productivity must rise if these farmers are to be lifted out of poverty. They can only achieve this by utilizing reliable irrigation systems and cutting-edge farming practices. As a result, expanding the irrigation area is crucial.

Explanation:

The farmers in Palampur benefited in the following ways from the spread of electricity:

The majority of the houses are wired for electricity. 

It is used to operate field tubewells.

Explanation:

The medium and large farmers, in contrast to the small farmers, have their own savings from farming. As a result, they are able to arrange for the required capital.

Explanation:

(a) In Palampur, Dala and Ramkali are farmworkers without land who earn a daily wage. (b) Even though the government has set a minimum wage for farm workers of 60 dollars per day, they only get 35-40 dollars per day. (c) There is a lot of competition for work among Palampur's farm workers, so they are willing to work for low wages. 

(d) They are unable to work most of the year and must borrow money from the lender to meet their needs. They remain poor, are unable to repay the loan, and fall into a debt trap as a result of this seasonal unemployment.

Explanation:

There are three things that need to be done in villages to encourage activities other than farming:

● Small farmers and landless laborers should be able to get low-interest loans through government programs to start individual or community businesses. 

● The government ought to establish rural workshops in addition to providing financial aid to enable the villagers to enhance their skills. 

● The infrastructure of villages should also be improved by the government so that the country's rural areas are well connected to the cities.