Chapter-1 The french revolution

1. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.

Explanation: 

King Louis XVI came into power and discovered a barren coffers. France's cash resources had been depleted over many years of conflict. There were additionally expenses associated with running a lavish court at the Palace of Versailles. The thirteen American colonies were freed from their shared foe, Britain, with France's assistance. A deficit of more than 2 billion lives was already accrued before the conflict, adding more than a billion lives. Credit-granting lenders started to tack on 10% interest to debts. As a result, the French government was forced to devote a growing portion of its budget to interest payments only. To cover its normal costs, such as those associated with keeping a militia, a court, and government, Universities and workplaces were getting harder and harder. Raising taxes was insufficient because only the third class of the three that made up French society was required to pay taxes. Both the first estate and the second estate paid no taxes. France's populace was also expanding rapidly. As a result, demand for dietary cereals shot up quickly. The majority's main source of food, bread, saw a sharp increase in price as a result. The majority of people had jobs as laborers in factories, whose owners set their pay. However, the salary growth was slower than the rate of price growth. As a result, the wealth disparity between wealthy and poor increased.


2.  Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?

Explanation:

Three farms comprised French culture. The third domain reaped the greatest rewards. The third estate was made up of peasants, craftsmen, small peasants, landless laborers, slaves, wealthy business people, traders, judges, and attorneys, among other people. The members of the first and second estates were the parties compelled to cede their positions of authority. These individuals were born with certain advantages. The first and second estate citizens lost their rights with the revolt. Because one of the main drivers of the movement was inequality, it sought to enact equity in society.

3.  Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Explanation:

The most significant outcomes of the French Revolution are the concepts of equality and political rights. Over the course of the nineteenth century, when feudal institutions were ended, these expanded from France to the rest of Europe. In order to establish a sovereign nation-state, colonized people modified the concept of independence from servitude for use in their activities. Two instances of people who reacted to the concepts coming from Revolutionary France are Tipu Sultan and Ram Mohan Roy.

4. Draw up a list of democratic rights we enjoy today whose origins could be traced to the French Revolution.

Explanation:

The concepts of democracy rights and equality were the French Revolution's greatest legacies. These concepts began to expand from France to the rest of Europe during the nineteenth century. Systems of feudalism were eliminated. The concept of being liberated from servitude was modified by subjugated peoples.

The French Revolution gave rise to some of the most significant political liberties that we now take for granted, including:

  • Freedom of Speech

  • Equal rights under the legislation

  • Natural liberties of citizens must be upheld by the state.

  • Freedom of Opinion

  • Right to Freedom

  • Right to Life

  • Every citizen has the opportunity to take part in the drafting of legislation, either directly or through their representatives.


5. Would you agree with the view that the message of universal rights was beset with contradictions? Explain

Explanation:

Despite the phrase "Universal Rights," women were regrettably excluded from the guaranteed fundamental rights. They did not have the same privileges as males. They lacked the freedom, land, protection, and most importantly, the right to oppose oppression. There was no support for women in the creation of legislation. According to their abilities, women were not eligible to all honours and official jobs.


6. How would you explain the rise of Napoleon?

Explanation:

Napoleon Bonaparte installed himself as the French Emperor. He began conducting battles against his neighboring nations in order to conquer them. He regarded himself as modernizing Europe. He established a number of rules, including the defense of private property and the decimal system's ability to provide a uniform system of weights and measures. Many of his policies helped spread the new concepts of liberty and contemporary laws throughout the rest of Europe. Long after he was deposed as emperor and ultimately vanquished at the Battle of Waterloo, this had a beneficial effect on people.