Chapter-1 Nutrition in plants

Explanation:

All organisms require food for many processes as it is essential for growth and development. It provides energy for various physical activities. Food also helps in repairing and replacing damaged tissues of the body. Also, it provides us with the energy to protect ourselves from infections and diseases.

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Green plants prepare food from carbon dioxide from air and water in the presence of chlorophyll. The process takes place in the presence of sunlight. 

This is the process of food synthesis in green plants.

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Organisms that grow and derive their nutrition from other plants or animals are called parasites.  Parasites can be found in various forms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and animals. Some parasites cause harm to their host, while others may not cause any noticeable damage. Some common examples of parasites include tapeworms, lice, fleas, ticks, and malaria-causing protozoa.

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Insectivorous plants eat Insects for their food requirement, such as pitcher plants.. Venus flytraps and cobra lilies are some more examples of insectivorous plants. They are often called Carnivorous plants.

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The mode of consuming food and its utilization by the body for various activities is called Nutrition. Nutrition is vital to the living body's growth and development.

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Photosynthesis is when green plants use sunlight to make their food for their growth. Photon means light and synthesis means process, hence the process of manufacture of food in the presence of sunlight is called Photosynthesis. 

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Organisms that do not manufacture their food and consume ready-made food plants are called heterotrophs.. Heterotrophs are those who are dependent on others for their survival. Hetero means others—for example- human beings.

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Stomata are tiny pores that are present on the surface of leaves which assists exchange of gasses. They are an essential part of plants and hold great importance.

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Organisms which use simple substances present in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, sunlight, etc to prepare their food are called autotrophs. Eg.- plants.

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In a heterotrophic mode of nutrition organisms depend on other organisms for their survival, food requirement, growth, and development. Nutrition in humans is an example of heterotrophic nutrition.

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Components of food which include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are called nutrients.. And the process of taking nutrients in living organisms for their growth is called nutrition.

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Chlorophyll is the green pigmentation present in green leaves which enables the leaves to take energy from the sunlight. It helps in the process of photosynthesis.

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Pickles, leather, clothes, and other articles left in hot and humid weather for a long time provides an ideal place for the growth of fungi.. They usually grow in heat conditions. 

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The fungal spores present in the air, upon landing in wet and warm conditions, germinate and grow. This is the process of fungal growth. 

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The green color of algae is due to the presence of chlorophyll which also helps it to prepare their food by photosynthesis. Hence they can be termed autotrophs, and their mode of nutrition is autotrophic.

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The raw materials required for photosynthesis are sunlight, water and carbon dioxide

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Insectivorous organisms derive their nutrition from insects. Also, Insectivorous plants have leaves; therefore, they can photosynthesize, which means they can prepare their food in sunlight.

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Slimy, green patches in ponds or other stagnant water bodies are formed by the growth of organisms called algae. Algae are examples of autotrophs.

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Nitrogen deficiency in soil prevents plants such as pitcher plants from getting all the required nutrients from the soil. And hence they are dependent on insects and are called Insectivorous plants.

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Cuscuta is a parasitic plant which has yellow tubular structures twining around the stem and branches. It does not have chlorophyll, so it cannot make food. It derives its nutrition from the plant on which it is climbing.

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The Rhizobium bacteria in leguminous plants can take in nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into a soluble form. Thus helping in nitrogen fixation. This is the central role of rhizobium bacteria in leguminous plants.

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The leaves other than green leaves like larged red, brown, and other leaves pigments mask the green color. They also have chlorophyll. Photosynthesis takes place in these leaves also. Hence those plants with such leaves also perform photosynthesis in themselves.

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Leaves are called the kitchen of plants. The green pigment in the leaves, chlorophyll, helps the leaves trap the solar energy. This trapped energy is used for preparing(synthesizing) food using carbon dioxide and water. 

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The roots absorb water and minerals in the soil. Leaves intake carbon dioxide from the air through tiny pores present on their surface called stomata. The green pigment, chlorophyll present in the green leaves helps the leaves capture the solar energy. These raw materials help in various processes.

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The fungi secrete digestive juices on the dead and decaying matter on which it dwells and convert it into a solution. After doing that, they take up all the nutrients from it. This mode of nutrition is called saprotrophic mode of nutrition and in this fungi consumes the nutrients in solution form from the dead and decaying matter. This is the mode of nutrition in fungi.

Explanation:

The amount of mineral nutrients in the soil keeps declining as the plants absorb mineral nutrients from the soil. Plant nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in the soil  are replenished through fertilizers and manure. These nutrients are supposed to be added periodically to enrich the soil. The bacterium Rhizobium present in the roots of legumes plants takes in atmospheric nitrogen and converts it into a soluble form. Therefore, Rhizobium bacteria plays a major role in replenishing nitrogen in the soil. This is how nutrients are replenished in the soil.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is when green plants use sunlight to make their food. It requires raw materials from sunlight, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide gas. The following diagram shows how photosynthesis takes place in green plants.

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/photosynthesis-explanation-science-diagram-illustration-1106407613

Explanation:

Water and minerals are transported to the plant through two main pathways: the root and vascular systems. Firstly, the root system. The root system of a plant absorbs water and minerals from the soil. Tiny projections from the roots called root hairs increase the root’s surface area and help absorb water and minerals. After which the vascular system transports the absorbed water and minerals throughout the plant. The vascular system comprises two types of tissues: the xylem and the phloem. The xylem is responsible for transportation of  water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while the phloem circulates sugars and other organic compounds from leaves to different parts of the plant. This is how water and minerals get transferred to the plant.

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In a symbiotic relationship, the participating species may benefit from each other, or at least one of the species benefits from the interaction, while the other may be unaffected or may also benefit or suffer from the relationship.

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Nutrients comprises essential components of food like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Nutritional is the mode of intake of food by an organism and its utilization in the body for various life activities; this involves taking in nutrients in the body for the individual body's growth and development.

Explanation:

Green plants are autotrophs while animals and most other organisms are heterotrophs. Autotrophs prepare their own food from simple substances while heterotrophs derive their food and nutrients from plants.

Autotrophs depend on themselves, while heterotrophs depend on others.

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The shoot system and leaves stay above the soil in both plants. Food is prepared by them through photosynthesis and is transported to the underground parts for storage. Hence, the process occurs in the ginger and potato plants.

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Leaves synthesize food through the process of photosynthesis hence they are also known as food factories of the plant. Photosynthesis takes place in the presence of sunlight.

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Pulses are leguminous plants belonging to the symbiotic group. They contain Rhizobium bacteria which convert gaseous nitrogen of air into water- soluble nitrogenous compounds and transfers them to the leguminous plants for their growth. Hence farmers don’t require nitrogenous fertilizers for these plants.

Explanation:

The pitcher plant derives its nutrition by modifying its leaf axis into a long tubular pitcher to form a pitfall trap. Inside the pitcher, a sticky liquid is present. When any insect comes in contact with the leaf, the lid present on it is closed, and inside the pitcher, a sticky liquid is present. The insect gets trapped. The liquid contains digestive enzymes which slowly digest the trapped insects.