Chapter-2 Nutrition in Animals

Explanation:

The small intestine contains tiny finger-like projections called Villi. They increase the intestine's surface area, allowing for better absorption of nutrients from food. Villi are covered in even smaller microvilli projections, increasing surface area. Villi also contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels that transport absorbed nutrients to the different body parts.

Explanation:

Bile juice is a digestive fluid that our body releases when food enters the small intestine to aid digestion. Bile is produced in the liver by a special kind of cell. These cells then synthesise and secrete bile, which is transported via small ducts to the gallbladder, where it is stored and concentrated.

Explanation:

Bile juice helps to digest fats (lipids) in food. It emulsifies the fats into smaller droplets, which makes it easier for enzymes to break them down and for the body to absorb them. Fat-soluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K are also absorbed by Bile.

Explanation:

Ruminants can digest Cellulose which is a carbohydrate but it can’t be digested by humans. Ruminants which include cows, sheep, and goats, have a four-chambered stomach containing bacteria, protozoa, and fungi capable of breaking cellulose down into more straightforward carbohydrates the animal can absorb. On the other hand, humans lack the necessary enzymes to break down cellulose and, therefore, cannot digest it.

Explanation:

Both amoeba and human beings have a similarity that they both need nutrients to maintain their metabolism and sustainability.

One difference is that amoeba does not have a specific digestive system, while humans digest food using organs like stomach, liver, and pancreas which are specialised organs for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Explanation:

It would be challenging to survive only on raw, leafy vegetables/grass. While they contain essential vitamins and minerals, they lack adequate macronutrients such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Another reason is that raw leafy vegetables and grass contain cellulose, which is difficult for humans to digest.

Explanation:

The mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus comprises the human digestive system. Enzymes and acids break down food in the stomach and the small intestine absorbs it into the bloodstream. The large intestine is accountable for absorption of water and electrolytes. The solid waste is discarded out of the body by the rectum and anus. The digestive system also consists of several accessory organs which produce enzymes and chemicals which assist digestion. They include the liver, pancreas and the gallbladder.

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/digestive-system-labeled-228844591

Explanation:

The small intestine is a long, narrow tube that is approximately 20 feet in length and is a part of the digestive canal primarily involved in food absorption.

Explanation:

Mouth or the oral cavity, is the part of the digestive canal which is involved in chewing food. This is where mechanical digestion begins as the teeth break down food into smaller pieces, then mix with saliva to form a bolus that can be easily swallowed and digested in the stomach and small intestine.

Explanation:

The part of the digestive canal responsible for  killing bacteria is the stomach. The stomach has a pH of nearly 2 which is acidic enough to break down food and also kill many of the bacteria that may be present in the food.

Explanation:

The digestion of food takes place in the small intestine which is a part of the digestive canal.. It is where most of the nutrients, including fats and proteins, are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Explanation:

The large intestine is liable for the formation of faeces.Its function is to absorb the water and electrolytes from the indigestible residue of food thereby creating a solid mass. The faeces then move through the rectum and are expelled from the body through the anus. 

Explanation:

Eating hurriedly or taking while eating can lead to coughing or choking sensations. So, to protect ourselves from these, we should not eat hurriedly.

Explanation:

Tooth -rotting and cavity or holes formation in the tooth can lead to toothache and this is tooth decay. Upon reaching the pulp cavity this hole or cavity can cause severe pain. Not treating this condition on time can lead to severe toothache and sometimes tooth loss too. Following is the diagram to show how tooth decay takes place-

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/stage-tooth-decay-infographic-medical-educational-2122655132

Explanation:

Amoebas have a simple form of digestion that involves the engulfment of food particles by a process called phagocytosis. The process begins when the amoeba extends its pseudopodia around a food particle, forming a vacuole called phagosome. The phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes that break down the food particle into smaller molecules. The nutrients are then absorbed by the amoeba’s cytoplasm, and the undigested waste is expelled  through the cell membrane by exocytosis. This process of phagocytosis, digestion, and absorption allows amoebas to obtain the nutrients they need to survive. 

Following is the diagram to show the process- 

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/amoeba-labeled-vector-illustration-educational-single-1172527930

Explanation: The decay of tooth, if not taken seriously, can result in severe tooth pain and, eventually, tooth loss. Rinse and clean teeth thoroughly using a solid thread or dental floss. Floss cleans the teeth by moving between two teeth taking out trapped food particles. We should avoid putting dirty fingers or unwashed objects into our mouths. By following these, we can prevent Tooth Decay.

Explanation:

The inner lining of the stomach is layered by mucus which protects it from the corrosive action of hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin. Failure of release of mucus in the stomach may lead to the erosion of the inner lining of the stomach leading to acidity and ulcers.

Explanation:

Yes, carnivorous animals have a shorter small intestine because they cannot digest cellulose .Herbivores need a longer small intestine because the digestion of cellulose takes a longer time for complete digestion.

Explanation:

The alimentary canal is a long, muscular coiled tube which is also known as the digestive tract. It is a part of the digestive system. The digestive system consists not only of the alimentary canal but also the glands associated with the alimentary canal. These glands include the liver, salivary glands and the pancreas each of which has a specified role in the digestive system.

Explanation:

The windpipe and food pipe are adjacent to each other. The windpipe carries air from nostrils to the lungs while food pipe carries food. If somehow some food particles enters the windpipe, it will choke the windpipe, blocking the passage of air leading to hiccups or cough.

Explanation:

 The small intestine has a very large surface area due to the presence of tiny finger-like projections called villi. The villi plays a very notable role in increasing the surface area hence enabling rapid absorption of digested food.

Explanation:

Grass-eating animals are also called ruminants. The ruminants have a part in their stomach called rumen where they store the quickly swallowed grass. The food gets partially digested here and is converted to a form called cud. Later, the cud returns to the mouth in small proportions where it is chewed by the animal.

Explanation:

Starfish have a unique digestive system. It allows them to consume and break down their prey, including small fish. The digestive system of a starfish begins with the mouth, located on the underside of the central disk. The mouth leads to a short oesophagus, which opens into a large, saclike stomach. The process starts when a starfish captures prey; it takes its stomach out of its body and engulfs the prey, wrapping its stomach around it. The stomach secretes digestive enzymes to break down the prey's tissues, and the nutrients are absorbed into the stomach lining. After the digestion process, the stomach is taken back into the body, and the remaining undigested material is expelled through the anus present in its body.