Chapter-2 Nutrition in animals ( Exampler)

Answer: 

(a) The main steps of nutrition in humans are ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.

Reason - 1) Ingestion: Ingestion is the act of ingesting food into the organism. 2) Digestion: Food's big, refractory molecules are broken down into smaller, water-soluble molecules during digestion. 3) Absorption: The process by which digested food reaches the circulation through the intestinal membrane is known as absorption. 4) Assimilation: Assimilation is the process by which absorbed food is ingested by bodily cells and used for energy, development, and healing. 5) Egestion: The process by which the body eliminates raw food is called egestion.

(b) The largest gland in the human body is liver.

Reason - The liver is approximately triangular in form and has two lobes: a larger right lobe and a smaller left lobe. The chambers are divided by the filiform ligament. The liver is secured to the abdomen by this ligament, which is a band of muscle. The exterior of the liver is covered by a coating of elastic tissue known as Glisson's capsule. The peritoneum, a membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity, is then placed over this to help keep the liver in position and shield it from harm.

(c) The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and digestive juices which act on food.

Reason - The stomach produces hydrochloric acid and digestive juice to begin the process of breaking down the food as soon as it reaches the stomach. It is advantageous to divide big proteins, lipids, and carbs into smaller ones. Finally, it aids in food digestion and provides the body with vitality. 

(d) The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called villi.

Reason - In histology, villus, multiple villi, refers to any of the teeny, thin vascular extensions that increase the surface area of a membrane. Important villous tissues include the placenta and the walls of the small intestine. The design of the small intestine is ideal for nutrient uptake. The villi that surround the small intestine's membrane receive the chime, a liquid mixture made in the stomach from the food we eat and which includes minerals.

(e) Amoeba digests its food in the food vacuole.

Reason - Single-celled creatures like amoebas belong to the group Protista. It is unique in that it has the ability to migrate and change form by enlarging and contracting pseudopodia, or temporary projections of cytoplasm. Amoeba are abundant in marine, terrestrial, and groundwater environments and are important components of many food webs. Some species have the ability to infect humans and other animals with illnesses. Amoeba have projections that can move and resemble arms; these extensions can be used as temporary limbs to capture food or as loco motional organs. The way that amoeba obtain their sustenance is through a process called holozoic feeding.

Answer: 

a) False

Reason - Protein digestion begins in the pharyngeal region. (mouth).

An enzyme called salivary amylase, which aids in the digestion of starch, is released by salivary glands in the tongue as soon as intake begins. Food that has been eaten becomes moistened by saliva mixing with it.

b) True

Reason - When food is digested, saliva is secreted from the salivary duct in the mouth and mixed with it with the aid of the tongue. Saliva is used to lubricate food on the tongue, a muscle with glands, sensory cells, and adipose tissue.

c) True

Reason - Because bile is kept there until the meal enters the stomach, the gallbladder briefly stores the bile fluid. When food enters the gut, a natural mechanism in the gall bladder causes it to contract at the same moment. The gall bladder appears like an empty, deflated blimp after the bile fluid has been released from it.

d) True

Reason - The ruminants take the vegetation they've just ingested back into their mouths and chew it for a while. The cellulose in grass.

Answer: 

(a) The correct option is iii) Small Intestine.

Fat is not metabolised until it reaches the small intestine, where it is helped to emulsify by the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and liver, including pancreatic lipase and biliary juice. A very tiny amount of fat can be digested in the mouth with the help of lingual lipase, but this is very little. Fat is only completely metabolised in the small intestine.

The incorrect option are:

I) Stomach - The food is broken down into tiny fragments in the stomach during the churning process and combines well with the stomach acid to prepare for digestion in the small intestine. Proteins and carbs are primarily insignificantly digested in the gut.

ii) Mouth - The meal is chewed and shaped into a bolus in the pharynx. A very small quantity of carbohydrate and lipids are partially digested with the aid of enzymes like amylase and lipase, but this contribution is negligible.

iv)  Large Intestine - There is no digestion taking place in the big gut. Mostly water uptake happens here.

(b)  The correct option is iv) Large Intestine.

Large gut is where the majority of the water from the undigested food is taken. Food must pass through the digestive system for many hours before it reaches the big stomach. It is necessary to dry out the leftovers of the decomposed meal.

Answer: 

Answer:

Villi are the name for the numerous finger-like protrusions that line the interior walls of the small intestine. The interior wall of the small intestine contains the villi. The Villi's purpose: The villi expand the intestine's surface area for absorbing the food that has been processed. Villi are finger-like outgrowths or extensions. Our gut system's tiny intestine contains them. The surface area for absorbing the food that has been metabolized is increased by the villi.

Answer:

Your liver produces bile, which is a fluid that is kept in your gallbladder. Bile is expelled from your liver into your duodenum and bowels when it is signalled to do so by hormones and the vague nerve. Then, your body uses it to digest lipids, assimilate vitamins, and eliminate unnecessary debris.

Answer:

Cellulose is the form of glucose polymer that ruminants like cows can process but people cannot. A polymer called cellulose accounts for 30% of the plant cell wall. It encourages cell growth and division and aids in tying cells together to create structures. Cellulose is not digestible by humans. The rumen, reticulum, oakum, and abomasum are the four chambers that make up the ruminants' intestines. First, food travels from the pharynx into the stomach.

Food is partly digested here before being permitted to continue into the second compartment. Food from the second chamber that has only partly processed returns to the pharynx. In this manner, the meal softens and is simple for ruminants to digest.

Answer:

Glucose provides us with immediate energy because it is taken into the circulation and does so. Glucose is the primary molecule present in our blood, as explained. Unlike other carbohydrates, which must first be converted into glucose before being taken, glucose is readily consumed by the blood and provides immediate energy.

Answer:

 i) Small intestine

ii) Buccal cavity

iii) Stomach

iv) Small intestine

v) Large Intestine

Answer:

Similarity: 

Holozoic nourishment is used by both protozoa and humans.

Difference:

Humans eat through their oral canal. Food is consumed by amoeba through pseudopodia.

Answer: 

Answer:

We all understand the health benefits and nutritional value of verdant green veggies. Our bodies require varying quantities of vitamins, minerals, fats, proteins, and carbohydrates depending on the bodily weight of each individual.

Because leafy green veggies don't provide our bodies with all the nutrients they need to carry out their many tasks, we won't be able to live for very long. In addition, uncooked veggies contain cellulose, and unlike the digestive system of the bovine, ours is not designed to process it. As a result, while uncooked food is difficult for us to process, cooked food is not.

Utilization of nutrients by a creature for the production of bodily chemicals and energy