Introduction The smallest structural and functional units in all living things are cells. Together, several cells make up tissues. Plants and animals both have eukaryotic cells and hence all cells contain many membrane cell organelles such as the nucleus, nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. Organs are made up of tissues that perform the same functions. […]
Introduction The Mughal Dynasty, which ruled India for over two centuries, was one of the most significant. The Mughals created a reliable system for tax collecting. The earnings from the sale of land were the main source of income. Akbar categorized territories and established prices for each category. To oversee the empire’s financial system, the […]
Introduction The Mansabdari and Jagirdari systems did not start off suddenly. It is a practice that developed from the bureaucracy in medieval India. Emperors of the Delhi sultanate had captured the vast regions, and to govern those territories, they established a bureaucracy. In the past, emperors appointed their military leaders as governors, and occasionally they […]
An Introduction to a Separation Technique: Centrifugation When we look around, there are many objects of various sizes, shapes, and textures. The element that scientists refer to as matter makes up everything in the cosmos. Everything is matter, including the air we breathe, the food we consume, rocks, clouds, stars, plants, animals, and even a […]
An Introduction to Chromatography The Greek words chroma, which means “colour,” and graphein, which means “to write,” are the roots of the word “chromatography.” In this procedure, the mixture to be separated is applied to a stationary phase (solid or liquid), and a pure solvent—such as water or any gas—is then allowed to slowly travel […]
Element Symbols in Chemistry: An Overview Element names were originally derived from popular locations where they were discovered. The same as the copper taken from Cyprus. Furthermore, specific colours inspired some names. Gold, for example, was named after the English word for yellow. Element symbols and names are currently approved by the International Union of […]
Introduction “An acid and a base react in chemistry to produce salt as a by-product. The negative ion (anion) of an acid and the positive ion (cation) of a base combine to form a salt. When an acid and a base come into contact, a neutralisation reaction takes place.” Table salt, composed of sodium chloride, […]
An Introduction to Matter In addition to taking on various forms, the matter is composed of small particles. Because they are so small, it is impossible to see these particles with the human eye. We have mentioned below some of the various properties of matter. There are different states of matter can also be found. […]
Introduction Acids can take lone pairs of electrons from other substances, ions, or molecules. Whereas, Bases are those substances, ions, or molecules that can transfer lone pairs of electrons, whereas based on specific experimental findings, chemical substances were initially categorized as bases and acid substances were initially categorized as bases and acids based on specific […]