Chapter-5 Industries

1. What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

Explanation:

The term "industry" describes a type of economic activity that involves the creation of products, such as the manufacturing of iron and steel, the extraction of minerals, such as coal mining, and the supply of services, such as the tourist industry.


2. Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

Explanation:

The establishment of a business contributes to the development and prosperity of the area. Easy access to land and raw materials, a sufficient quantity of water and labour, easy access to electricity and transportation, the existence of markets, and a sufficient amount of money are all variables that influence where industries are located. The government occasionally offers additional benefits, such as subsidized electricity, reduced transportation costs, and other infrastructure improvements. This is done to promote the establishment of businesses in underdeveloped economic regions.


3. Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?

Explanation:

Since almost everything we use is either made of steel or was manufactured using steel-based equipment or tools, steel is often referred to as the foundation of contemporary industry. The steel industry serves as a sort of support industry, supplying other industries' base materials with its output.


4. Why has the cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Explanation:

Mumbai's production of cotton textiles increased quickly for the following reasons: 

* The city has a warm, muggy environment that is favourable for cotton development. 

* The basic materials are conveniently accessible. 

* Mumbai has a harbour, which helps with product purchase and sale. In addition to these, the availability of skilled workers played a role in the development of the cotton business. 

* In Mumbai itself, the first contemporary cloth factory was founded in 1854.


5. Fort Gloster is located in:

a. West Bengal

b. California

c. Gujarat

Explanation:

The Correct Answer is (a) West Bengal.

West Bengal is where you'll find Fort Gloster. Justification: Fort Gloster is a village in West Bengal close to the renowned metropolis of Kolkata. To build its jute plant, Fort Gloster Jute Manufacturing Company Limited purchased property from the former troops of Fort Gloster in a prime spot along the Ganges.


6. Which one of the following is a natural fibre?

a. Nylon

b. Jute

c. Acrylic

Explanation:

 The Correct Option is (b) Jute

Jute is a natural Fibre. Additionally known as golden fibre. Producing it is very simple and inexpensive. It falls under the group of phloem (bast) fibre. Bast fibres are strands that are gathered from the bast or epidermis of the plant's secondary phloem. The sclerenchymatous cells in the phloem are these. It primarily consists of lignin and cellulose. Therefore, "Phloem fibres" is the right response.


7. Distinguish between the following.

 Agro-based and mineral-based industry

Explanation:

Agro-Based Industry

Mineral-Based Industry

Plant- and animal-based goods serve as the raw ingredients for agro-based businesses.

Minerals serve as the primary raw substance for these businesses.

Agriculture-based businesses don't need a lot of money.

Mineral-related businesses demand sizable investments.

It primarily serves as a source of work for those who reside in remote areas.

Both metropolitan and rural residents can find work thanks to it.

Food manufacturing, dairy goods, vegetable oil, and cotton textiles are a few examples.

Iron and heavy machinery sectors are a couple of instances.


8. Distinguish between Public sector and joint sector industry

Explanation:

Public Sector Industry

Joint Sector Industry

Public Sector is entirely owned by the government.

The joint sector is the area that is jointly controlled by public and private organizations.

Defense agencies, railroads, and nuclear power are a few examples of public sector businesses.

Airlines, financial services, and petroleum products

Taxes, fees, and internal exchanges of funds between states are all ways that the public sector generates money.

Both the government and private businesses achieved some progress.

The public sector was established to promote the general wellbeing of the populace.

Joint Sector was established for both profit-making and social benefit objectives.

The rise and decline of the company are solely the government's fault.

Both the public sector and the commercial sector will be held accountable for the success or failure of the business.



9. Give two examples of the following in the space provided :

a. Raw Materials: _____________ and _____________________

b. End products: _______________ and _________________________

c. Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________

d. Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________

e. Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________

f. Co-operatives: ______________________ and ____________

Explanation:

a. Plastic and Wood

b. Steel and Cloth
c. Production and Exchange
d. Edible oil and Silk
e. Weaving and Silverware
f.  Indian Coffee House and Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative Limited.