Chapter-9 Reproduction in Animals

Explanation:

Almost all animals reproduce sexually, which means that they require the contribution of genetic material from two parents. Here are two examples:

• Dogs reproduce sexually through a process called mating.

• Cats also reproduce sexually through mating. Female cats are induced ovulates, which means that they release eggs only in response to the presence of a male and the act of mating.

Explanation:

Some species of starfish are able to reproduce asexually by a process called fragmentation. If a starfish loses an arm, that arm can sometimes regenerate into a new, complete starfish. Hydras are small, freshwater animals that reproduce asexually through a process called budding. This involves the growth of a small bud on the body of the parent hydra, which eventually detaches and develops into a new, genetically identical hydra.

Explanation:

The type of reproduction that involves gametes is sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, two individuals (usually a male and a female) contribute gametes, which are specialized cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as a regular cell. The gametes fuse together during fertilization, forming a zygote with a full set of chromosomes.

Explanation:

The type of reproduction that does not involve gametes is asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, an individual organism produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself without the involvement of gametes or fertilization.

Explanation:

Another term for a fertilized egg is a zygote. A zygote is a single cell that forms when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell during fertilization. The zygote contains all of the genetic information from both parents and will eventually develop into an embryo through cell division.

Explanation:

In hens and other birds, fertilization is internal, and it is characterized as indirect or internal fertilization. During mating, the male bird, or rooster, deposits sperm into the female bird's, or hen's, reproductive tract, where the sperm travel up to the oviduct.

Explanation:

In human males, the testes are the organs that produce sperm cells. The testes are two small, oval-shaped glands located in the scrotum, which is a sac of skin that hangs outside the body.

Explanation:

The male gametes in humans are called sperm cells or simply sperm. Sperm cells are produced in the testes and are released during ejaculation through the penis. Sperm cells are specialized cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as a regular cell and are adapted for swimming through the female reproductive tract to reach and fertilize an egg cell.

Explanation:

The female gametes in humans are called ova, or eggs. The ova are produced in the ovaries, which are a pair of small, almond-shaped organs located in the lower abdomen. Unlike sperm cells, which are continuously produced throughout a man's lifetime, a female is born with a finite number of ova. Each month, one of the immature ova begins to mature and is released from the ovary in a process called ovulation.

Explanation:

The organs which produce female gametes, or eggs, are called the ovaries. The ovaries are a pair of small, almond-shaped organs located in the lower abdomen on either side of the uterus.

Explanation:

Dolly the sheep was a clone of a sheep named "6LL3". However, 6LL3 is not a well-known or notable sheep, and the original sheep that provided the genetic material for Dolly's clone was not given a name. The cell used to create Dolly was taken from a mammary gland of a 6-year-old Finn Dorset sheep and transferred to an enucleated egg cell of a Scottish Blackface sheep, which was then implanted into a surrogate mother.

Explanation:

After fertilization, the zygote travels through the fallopian tube towards the uterus, where it will implant and develop into a baby. The uterus is the organ where a fertilized egg implants and grows into a fetus during pregnancy.

Explanation:

They are testes, sperms, ducts and penis. They help in the process of reproduction in human beings. They are located within the pelvis, an ovum in the female's body and the fertilized ovum (zygote) develops into a fetus, which is later born as an infant.

Explanation: The term used for the bulges observed on the sides of the body of hydra is "lateral buds". These buds are responsible for asexual reproduction in hydra. When these buds mature, they detach from the parent hydra and develop into a new individual.

Explanation:

The name given to the fusion of male and female gametes is "fertilization". During fertilization, a sperm cell combines with an egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote. The zygote then undergoes multiple rounds of cell division and differentiation to form a new organism.

Explanation:

The internal sex organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The vagina allows for sexual intercourse and childbirth and is connected to the uterus at the cervix. The uterus is the female reproductive organ that receives the fertilized egg and supports its development during pregnancy. The fallopian tubes are responsible for transporting the egg from the ovaries to the uterus.

Explanation:

A fetus, also spelled foetus, is the term used to describe the developing offspring of a mammal, specifically after the embryonic stage and before birth. In humans, a fetus is typically recognized from the ninth week of gestation until birth.

Explanation:

The embryo gets embedded in the uterus, also known as the womb. This process is known as implantation and occurs when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall. The egg is released from the ovaries and travels through the fallopian tubes before reaching the uterus.

Explanation:

Amoeba reproduces asexually by a process called binary fission.  In binary fission, the amoeba cell elongates and then divides into two daughter cells, each with a nucleus and cytoplasm. This type of asexual reproduction allows amoeba to quickly and efficiently produce new offspring without the need for a mate.

Explanation:

The purpose of the tail in a sperm is to allow movement. The tail propels the sperm forward, towards an egg for fertilization. Activation of tail movement is suppressed until the sperm is carried to within a relatively short distance of the egg.

Explanation:

Cloning is the process of creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another organism. This can be done through a number of different methods, but the most common method involves taking the nucleus of a somatic cell (a non-reproductive cell) from the organism that is being cloned and inserting it into an egg cell that has had its own nucleus removed.

Explanation:

Reproduction is essential for the continuation of life, as it allows for the production of new descendants and the maintenance of species. It is also important for increasing genetic diversity, as it involves the fusion of two haploid cells from different parents, which results in a diploid zygote with a unique combination of genetic information.

Explanation:

The reproductive organs in humans which produce the gametes are the ovaries in females and the testes in males. In females, the two ovaries are situated in the pelvic cavity; in males, the two testes are enveloped in a sac of skin, the scrotum, lying below and outside the abdomen.

Explanation:

The life process that ensures that a plant or animal species will not disappear from the earth is reproduction. Reproduction is the process by which new individuals of a species are produced, and it is essential for the continuation of life on earth.

Explanation:

An embryo is a multicellular organism in its early stages of development. It is formed after fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell in sexual reproduction. The embryo is the result of the fusion of the genetic material from both the sperm and the egg, and it contains all of the genetic information necessary to develop into a fully formed organism.

Explanation:

The technique that is commonly used to help a woman with blocked oviducts to have a baby is called in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this procedure, eggs are harvested from the woman's ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory dish.

Explanation:

Fertilization is the process by which a sperm cell and an egg cell combine to form a single cell called a zygote. In human beings, fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube, which is the tube that connects the ovary to the uterus.

Explanation:

A hydra reproduces both sexually and asexually. Asexually, a hydra reproduces by budding, which occurs when interstitial cells near the middle or basal part of the body divide mitotically and form a bulge. This bulge eventually breaks away and forms a new individual.

Explanation:

A zygote is the initial stage of development that occurs after the fusion of the male sperm and the female egg, while a fetus is the last stage of prenatal development. The major difference between a zygote and a fetus is the rapid rate of growth and development that occurs during the embryonic, fetal, and infant stages as the baby grows from a single cell to a fully functioning newborn baby.

Explanation:

Zygote is the fertilized egg, formed when a sperm meets an egg in one of the fallopian tubes. An embryo is the stage of development that follows the zygote and is made of three layers. A zygote contains 46 chromosomes, 23 from the biological mother and 23 from the biological father. An embryo begins to develop physical traits and sex, while the zygote does not.

Explanation:

Chicks are born through a process called hatching, which occurs after an egg has been incubated for a certain period of time. The process of incubation involves keeping the egg at a consistent temperature and humidity level, which allows the chick to develop inside the egg.

Explanation:

Asexual reproduction is the process of producing offspring from a single parent without the involvement of gametes or sex cells. It is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes, and instead relies on the division of a single organism or cell into two or more parts, each of which will develop into a new individual.

Explanation:

Fission is a type of asexual reproduction in which an organism splits into two or more parts, each of which will develop into a new individual. Budding is another type of asexual reproduction in which a small outgrowth, or “bud”, forms on the parent organism. This bud then separates from the parent organism and develops into a new individual.

Explanation:

Viviparous and oviparous animals are two different types of reproduction in the animal kingdom. The main difference between them is the way in which they give birth to their offspring. In viviparous animals, the developing embryo is retained within the mother's body and receives nourishment directly from the mother through a placenta or other means. Oviparous animals, on the other hand, lay eggs that hatch outside of the mother's body.

Explanation:

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves only one parent, and no fusion of gametes (sex cells). The offspring produced by asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent. On the other hand, sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two parents. The offspring produced by sexual reproduction inherit traits from both parents, which leads to genetic diversity.

Explanation:

Internal fertilization occurs when the sperm fertilizes the egg inside the body of the female. This type of fertilization is common in most terrestrial animals, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. External fertilization, on the other hand, occurs outside the body of the female, usually in aquatic environments.

Explanation:

Metamorphosis is a biological process in which an organism undergoes a profound change in its body structure and behavior during its life cycle. This process often involves changes in the organism's diet, habitat, and mode of locomotion. Metamorphosis is common in many animals, especially insects and amphibians.

Explanation:

Fertilization in frogs is an example of external fertilization, which occurs outside the female's body in the water. The male frog grasps the female from behind in a process called amplexus as the female lays her eggs, the male simultaneously releases sperm over them. The sperm fertilize the eggs, and the zygote is formed. The eggs, covered with a jelly-like substance, are laid in water, where they develop into tadpoles. After a few days, the tadpoles hatch from the eggs and continue to develop in the water.

Explanation:

Test-tube babies are a term used to refer to babies that are conceived outside the human body, through a process known as in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this process, eggs are surgically removed from a woman's ovaries and are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory dish. The resulting embryos are then allowed to develop for several days in a laboratory before being transferred to the woman's uterus.

Explanation:

Test-tube baby is a term used to refer to babies that are conceived outside the human body, through a process known as in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this process, eggs are surgically removed from a woman's ovaries and are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory dish. The resulting embryos are then allowed to develop for several days in a laboratory before being transferred to the woman's uterus.