Chapter-10 REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESENCE

Explanation:

The term used for secretions of endocrine glands responsible for changes taking place in the body is hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological and behavioral processes in the body, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Explanation:

Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood, typically spanning from ages 10 to 19. It is characterized by rapid physical, cognitive, and emotional changes, as well as increased independence and self-awareness.

Explanation:

Menstruation is a natural process that occurs in females, typically every 28 days, where the uterus sheds its lining and blood is discharged from the vagina. It is a part of the menstrual cycle and is a sign of reproductive health and fertility.

Explanation: Puberty brings about significant changes in the body, including growth spurts, the development of secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., breast development in females, deepening of voice in males), hormonal changes, increased oil production and acne, and the onset of menstruation in females.

Explanation:

Sex hormones are a group of hormones that regulate the development and function of reproductive organs, as well as influence sexual characteristics and behavior. In males, the primary sex hormone is testosterone, while in females, it's estrogen and progesterone.

Explanation:

Adolescents require a balanced diet to support their rapid growth and development. A poor diet during this critical period can result in nutritional deficiencies, growth problems, weakened immune system, and long-term health issues.

Explanation:

Adam's apple, also known as laryngeal prominence, is a visible protrusion of the thyroid cartilage in the neck, more prominent in males due to their larger larynx. It protects the vocal cords and is involved in the production of sound during speech or singing.

Explanation:

Secondary sexual characteristics are physical traits that appear during puberty, differentiating males and females. In males, they include deeper voice, facial and body hair, and increased muscle mass. In females, they include breast development, wider hips, and growth of pubic and underarm hair.

Explanation:

Sex determination in the unborn baby is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome. If a Y chromosome is present, the fetus will develop into a male, and if not, it will develop into a female. The process is controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes.

Explanation:

Girls typically reach their maximum height around the age of 18, while boys reach it around the age of 21. However, the timing and amount of growth can vary, and some individuals may continue to grow after these ages.

Explanation:

Progesterone is the other female hormone secreted by the ovaries. It is responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining it during early pregnancy. Progesterone also plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle.

Explanation:

There is no single gland responsible for fatness in the body. The storage and breakdown of fat are regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, including insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and cortisol, produced by various glands and organs in the body.

Explanation:

The hormone that causes sweating under fear is adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress and activates the sympathetic nervous system, triggering the fight-or-flight response, which includes increased sweating.

Explanation:

The age of adolescence typically ranges from 10 to 19 years old. It is a period of physical, cognitive, and emotional development between childhood and adulthood, characterized by rapid growth and hormonal changes.

Explanation:

Female feticide refers to the intentional termination of a pregnancy based on the sex of the fetus, usually female. It is a form of gender-based discrimination and is prevalent in some societies that prefer boys.

Explanation:

The pancreas secretes several hormones, including insulin (lowers blood glucose), glucagon (raises blood glucose), somatostatin (inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion), and pancreatic polypeptide (regulates pancreatic and gastrointestinal function).

Explanation:

The mother's anger may trigger the release of cortisol and adrenaline, while the child's fear may also release cortisol. These hormones can increase heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels, preparing the body for fight or flight response.

Explanation:

A similarity in secondary sex characteristics between boys and girls is the development of pubic hair during puberty. A difference is that boys develop facial and body hair, a deeper voice, and an Adam's apple, while girls develop breasts and wider hips.

Explanation:

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland stimulates the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries and sperm production in the testes.

Explanation:

Menstruation is also known as a "period" because it occurs cyclically, with a regular interval between each episode of bleeding. The interval between periods is commonly referred to as the menstrual cycle.

Explanation:

Identical twins are formed when a single fertilized egg splits into two embryos. The embryos share the same genetic material, resulting in identical DNA. Identical twins are always of the same sex because their sex is determined at the point of fertilization.

Explanation:

Paternal twins (fraternal twins) are the result of two separate eggs being fertilized by two separate sperm. The sex of each twin is determined independently at the point of fertilization, which means that they can be either two girls, two boys, or a girl and a boy.

Explanation:

Assuming that Priya is a girl, the average age for the end of the growth period is around 16 years. If she is currently 10 years old and 150 cm tall, and assuming that she has already reached 75% of her full height, we can calculate her full height as follows:

Full height = (current height) / (% of full height at current age)

Full height = 150 / 0.75 Full height = 200 cm

Therefore, Priya's full height at the end of her growth period would be approximately 200 cm (6 feet 7 inches).

Explanation:

Exocrine glands secrete substances such as sweat, saliva, and enzymes through ducts to the surface of the body or into a cavity. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, affecting target organs or cells in the body.

Explanation:

Yes, height is influenced by genetic factors inherited from parents. However, other factors such as nutrition and environmental factors can also play a role in determining a person's final height.

Explanation:

Puberty typically ends between the ages of 16 and 18 for boys and between 14 and 16 for girls, when sexual development and physical growth are complete and reproductive maturity is reached.

Explanation:

Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycle. It is diagnosed when a woman has gone twelve months without a menstrual period.

Explanation:

Menarche is the first menstrual period experienced by a girl, marking the onset of puberty. It usually occurs between the ages of 11 and 14 but can occur earlier or later. Menarche is a significant event in a girl's life and is often celebrated in some cultures.