Chapter-2 Globe: Latitudes and Longitude

Explanation:

The geoid is the actual form of the planet. It has a bulge in the center and is somewhat flattened at the North and South poles. Planets do not undergo nuclear fusion, which is the fusing of atom-sized particles to produce energy, as stars do. Stars shine because of nuclear fusion, which produces radiation (heat and light). Planets cannot generate their own light because they lack nuclear fusion. Instead, they emit light that is a star's reflection. Although spherical, our globe is not a perfect sphere. The North and South Poles are only slightly concave due to the force created when the Earth rotates. The planet's form is slowly changing due to rotation, wavy motion, and other factors, yet it is still spherical.

Explanation:

An image of the Earth, another heavenly body, or a celestial sphere that is shaped like a globe. While globes perform similar tasks as maps, they do not change the surface they represent other than to make it smaller. An Earth model is referred to as a terrestrial globe. The celestial sphere is a model for a celestial globe. A globe presents data on the subject. Land masses and marine creatures can be seen on Earth's surface. It may show several nations, important cities, and a grid of latitude and longitude lines. Raised relief has been utilized by many artists to show mountains and other notable features. The celestial globe may also display the positions of other well-known astronomical objects in addition to important stars.

Explanation:

The Tropic of Cancer's Latitudinal Value is 23 1/2 degrees. In a latitude of approximately 23°27′ north of the equator, the Tropic of Cancer is situated. At this latitude, the Sun's ecliptic is farthest from the celestial equator towards the north. The Sun directly crosses the Tropic of Cancer on June 21, which is the Northern Hemisphere's summer solstice. The latitude of the Tropic of Cancer is 23°27′ N. The latitude is approximately 23°27' north of the equator. The eight Indian states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram are located along the Tropic of Cancer.

Explanation:

The many parts of the globe known as "heat zones" are where the sun's rays fall differently and produce various climatic patterns. Based on how much insolation the Earth receives from the Sun, there are three main Hot Zones. They are determined by how far they are from the equator. The three climate zones on Earth are as follows:

1. The Temperate Zone

2. The Torrid Zone

3. The Frigid Zone

   
   

Explanation:

1. Meridians of longitude are the lines of reference that run from the North Pole to the South Pole, whereas parallels of latitude are the circles that are parallel from the equator to the poles.

2. Latitude and longitude are expressed in terms of degrees, with each degree being split into 60 minutes (') and each minute into 60 seconds ('), respectively.

3. The distance from the equator to the poles is one-fourth of a circle around the globe, and the equator has zero degrees of latitude. It is measured at 90 degrees or one-fourth of 360 degrees. This enables us to determine that the North Pole is marked by a latitude of 90 degrees towards the north and the South Pole by a latitude of 0 degrees towards the south.

4. The time that we are able to count in terms of longitude is based on Greenwich mean time. The Prime Meridian is another name for the meridian that runs through Greenwich.

The Equator separates the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, whereas the prime meridian separates it into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.

Explanation:

Across all the latitudes in this region, the midday Sun is exactly overhead at least once a year, giving this region the most heat. The equator and the regions around it receive direct sunlight, which causes the torrid zone to have the highest temperature.

Antarctic Circle at 66.5 degrees south; South Pole at 90 degrees south; South Frigid Zone. In total, there are three warming zones: the arid zone, the mild zone, and the subzero zone. Parallels of Latitude: The parallels of latitude are fictitious lines that appear to be parallel to the equator. Meridians of Longitude: The term "meridians of longitude" refers to the fictitious lines that connect each polar region.

The Prime Meridian is placed 8212° east of the Indian Standard Meridian. Hence, GMT is five hours and thirty minutes behind Indian Standard Time (IST). Because of this, when it's 12 o'clock in London, it's 5.30 o'clock in India. The sun's rays initially hit the easternmost longitudes because, as we all know, the earth revolves from west to east.

Explanation:

This is due to the fact that the earth spins 1° every 4 minutes, or 360° in a day. India's standard meridian is 82° 30′ east, while London's is 0°. This indicates a time difference of 5.5 hours or 4 minutes multiplied by 82.5. Hence, at 12 o'clock in London, it is 5.30 o'clock in India.

Explanation:

(ii) 0° 

EXPLANATION: A great circle is formed by the prime meridian and its antimeridian at 0 degrees. The value of this large circle, which splits a spherical into two hemispheres, is 0°. Thus, that is the right response.

Explanation: 

(i) The Poles 

EXPLANATION: The polar regions, also known as the frigid zones or polar zones, are the regions of the Earth that surround its poles (the North and South Poles) and are situated inside the polar circles. In these high latitudes, the floating sea ice that covers much of the Arctic Ocean in the north predominates over the Antarctic ice sheet, which covers the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the south

(i) 360 

EXPLANATION: A 360 180W and 180E are, coincidentally, the same longitudes as the westernmost and easternmost points on the globe, respectively. It is also known as the international date line and the 180th meridian. In light of this, there are 360 longitudes and 180 latitudes in all.

Explanation:

(ii) the Southern Hemisphere

EXPLANATION: The Antarctic Circle is the farthest south of the five main latitude circles that appear on maps of the planet. The Antarctic is the area south of this circle, while the Southern Temperate Zone is the area immediately to the north. It is also true within the Arctic Circle, the equivalent polar circle in the Northern Hemisphere, that the Sun is above the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year south of the Antarctic Circle (and thus visible at midnight) and below the horizon for 24 continuous hours north of the Antarctic Circle (and thus not visible at noon).

Explanation:

(i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitude

EXPLANATION: In order to enable relative reference from some fixed point as the origin, a grid is a network of perpendicular lines (the latitudes and longitudes), similar to graph paper, placed on a flat paper map. A grid is a system of parallel latitude and longitude lines that are used to determine the precise location of any point on the surface of the world.

Explanation:

(a) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at 23½° S.

EXPLANATION: The axial tilt of the Earth is what causes the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn to be situated at approximately 23.5 degrees north and south, respectively. Every year, the Earth tilts 23.5 degrees away from the plane of its orbit around the sun.

(b) The Standard Meridian of India is 82½° E Longitude.

EXPLANATION: India's Standard Meridian is used to produce a local mean time standard, replacing solar time with a single standard time and a meridian (longitude) that is defined by regional factors. Every nation defines a standard meridian, which is the longitude that runs through the center of the whole nation and is the same everywhere.

(c) The 0° Meridian is also known as Prime Meridian.

EXPLANATION: The prime meridian commonly referred to as the Greenwich meridian was last used as a symbol for 0° longitude in 1851. It passes through the London borough of Greenwich before coming to a stop at the North and South poles. Given that it displayed a longitude of 0°, it was occasionally referred to as the prime meridian. It served as the first meridian recognized by all nations from 1884 to 1984. It was superseded in 1984 by the International Reference Meridian (IRM), which is just marginally different.

(d) The distance between the longitudes decreases towards the poles.

EXPLANATION: The longitudes get closer together as you go closer to the poles. The area between 15 and 30° W longitudes is fairly large in the equator, but as we approach the poles, this area gets smaller until it is zero.

(e) The Arctic Circle is located in the Northern Hemisphere.

EXPLANATION: Polar Circle. The present location of the Arctic Circle parallel in the Northern Hemisphere is 66° 33' 46" (or 66.5628°). The axial tilt of the Earth, which is affected by tidal forces brought on by the pull of the moon on the Earth's seas, causes the position of the Arctic Circle to shift by around 49 feet per year.