Chapter-3 Water Resources

1. Explanation:

    A region with high annual rainfall – Not suffering from water scarcity.

Reason- A region with a high population and limited yearly rainfall may experience water scarcity as a result of excessive water resource use. Water shortage affects areas with high yearly rainfall but highly polluted water because contaminated water is unfit for human consumption.

2.  A region having high annual rainfall and large population – Suffering from water scarcity

Reason- It would not be a problem for an area with significant yearly rainfall to have a water shortage. Additionally, an area with little rainfall and few people would not experience water shortage. However, an area with a lot of people and significant yearly rainfall may experience water scarcity.

3. A region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted – Suffering from water scarcity

Reason- A region with a high population and limited yearly rainfall may experience water scarcity as a result of excessive water resource use. Water shortage affects areas with high yearly rainfall but highly polluted water because contaminated water is unfit for human consumption.

4. A region having low rainfall and low population- Not suffering from water scarcity

Reason - An area with little precipitation and few people would not experience water shortage. However, an area with a lot of people and significant yearly rainfall may experience water scarcity.

Explanation:

(C) Is the Correct Option- Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

The loss of income and widespread displacement are consequences of multipurpose river initiatives. This reasoning does not support multipurpose river initiatives because it demonstrates their drawbacks.

It demonstrates how multipurpose waterway initiatives harm livelihoods, the environment, and other factors.

The Incorrect Options are: (a), (b), (d)

1. Explanation:

   Metropolitan habits and expanding metropolitan centres with dense populations have led to inappropriate use of water resources.

2. The natural flow and sediment movement of waterways are impacted by regulation and damming.

3. When water provision in metropolitan areas was given a greater priority in Gujarat, especially during droughts, the Sabarmati river farmers became incensed.

4. Due to the abundant water supply from the Indira Gandhi Canal, rooftop rainwater collection is less common today in Rajasthan.

Explanation:

Water is constantly moving through different forms of substance in nature, including liquid, vapour, and ice. As a result, the water that evaporates and vanishes returns in the shape of rain. Water now qualifies as a natural resource.

Explanation:

Our towns in general serve as good models. As a result of the large and expanding population, higher water needs, and uneven access to it, there may be a water shortage. A big populace necessitates more water, both for domestic use and for food production. Therefore, water resources are being overused to increase irrigated areas for dry-season cultivation in order to enable higher food-grain output. Agriculture that is irrigated uses the most water overall. The majority of producers use their own wells and tube wells for irrigation to boost output. This has had a negative impact on the people's access to water and nutritional stability.

Explanation:

 An undertaking that suits multiple purposes at once is said to be multipurpose. A dam across a waterway is frequently constructed to serve multiple purposes at once and is referred to as a multipurpose project. While it has some benefits, it also has some drawbacks.

• The benefits include soil erosion prevention, irrigation capabilities, hydroelectricity, and water management in flood-prone regions. 

• Its drawbacks include limiting the river's natural flow, depositing silt in the riverbed, causing erosion, and disrupting the aquatic life in the river.

Explanation:

Traditionally, nearly all the homes in Rajasthan's semi-arid and arid areas, especially in Bikaner, Phalodi, and Barmer, had subterranean reservoirs or tankas for keeping potable water. One Phalodi household had a tank that was 6.1 meters deep, 4.27 meters long, and 2.44 meters broad; the tanks could be as huge as a sizable room. The tankas were constructed inside the main house or the patio and were a component of the sophisticated rooftop rainwater collection system. They had a conduit connecting them to the homes' sloping rooftops. Rain from the roofs would run off into the subterranean "tankas," where it would be collected and kept. Typically, the first rainstorm was not gathered because it would clean the rooftops and the pipelines. Then, rainwater was gathered from the succeeding rains. When all other sources of drinking water have dried up, especially during the summer, the rainwater can be kept in the tankas until the next rainfall, making it an incredibly dependable source. The cleanest natural water is regarded to be rainwater, or "palar pani," as it is known locally.

Explanation:

A practical alternative in terms of socioeconomics and the ecology is a water harvesting device. Along with highly developed hydraulic structures, ancient India had a remarkable legacy of water collection systems. In accordance with the regional ecological circumstances and their water requirements, people created a wide range of methods to collect precipitation, groundwater, river water, and floodwater using their in-depth understanding of rainfall cycles and soil types. People in hilly and mountainous areas constructed irrigation canals for cultivation, similar to the "guls" or "kuls" of the Western Himalayas. In Rajasthan, in particular, "rooftop rainwater harvesting" was frequently used to stockpile drinking water. People created inundation canals in Bengal's flood regions to irrigate their crops. As with the "khadins" in Jaisalmer and the "Johads" in other parts of Rajasthan, farming fields in arid and semi-arid areas were transformed into rain-fed holding facilities that enabled the water to remain and moisten the soil. To satisfy their water requirements, residents of Gendathur, a remote and underdeveloped hamlet in Mysuru, Karnataka, have placed rainwater harvesting systems on the roofs of their homes. This system has been put in nearly 200 homes, and the community now enjoys the uncommon honor of having abundant rainfall. In Shillong, Meghalaya, rooftop rainwater collection is the most popular activity. The greatest rainfall in the country is recorded in Cherapunjee and Mawsynram, which are 55 kilometers from Shillong.