Chapter-4 Agriculture

Explanation:

The Correct Option is (b) Plantation agriculture

Reason - A solitary crop is cultivated on a sizable territory as part of a plantation agriculture scheme. A solitary cash product is grown and processed in this kind of farming. The farm is structured effectively. The ground is used exclusively for one produce, and the complete harvest is exported. Monopolistic management exerts a significant impact on plantation crop production.

Incorrect Options are: (a), (c), (d)

1. Shifting Agriculture - Contrary to crop rotation, shifting agriculture is a method of farming that maintains soil nutrients through plot (field) turnover. An allotment of2.  land is cleared and cultivated in shifting agriculture for a brief period of time, after which it is abandoned and permitted to return to its natural vegetation while the cultivator goes on to another plot. When the earth begins to show symptoms of exhaustion or, more frequently, when the area is overwhelmed by weeds, the time of cultivation is typically over.

3. Horticulture - The area of agriculture that works with the art, science, technology, and commerce of growing plants is called horticulture. Fruits, veggies, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, blooms, seaweeds, and non-food products like vegetation and decorative trees and plants are all included in this. Additionally, it covers grass care, ornamental trees, arboriculture, landscape repair, and landscape and garden planning, building, and upkeep.

4. Intensive Agriculture - Intensive agriculture, also referred to as intensive farming (as opposed to extensive farming), conventional agriculture, or industrial agriculture, is a form of agriculture that raises input and production amounts per unit of agricultural land area for both crop vegetation and livestock. It is distinguished by a low fallow ratio, greater reliance on labour and other resources, and better agricultural yields per unit of ground area.

Explanation:

The Correct Option is (d) Gram.

Reason- Gram is a crucial Rabi product that typically requires 90 to 120 days to grow. Another significant supplier of gram products worldwide is India. As a product with multiple uses, chickpea straw can be used as livestock feed and the leaves can be eaten as veggies. Desi Chana and Kabuli Chana are the two kinds of gram that are distinguished based on output. Rabi products are those that are raised during the winter months. Because wheat and gram require less water, they are produced in the winter.

The Incorrect options are: (a), (b), (d)

1. Rice 

Reason - Rice is regarded as a kharif product, meaning that it needs a lot of water to develop. Given that the season corresponds with the start of either fall or winter, the term "Kharif" is Arabic for autumn. Kharif grain is also known as monsoon crop because it is grown during the rainy season. Every state in the nation has a different Kharif season, which usually lasts from June to September. Around June, we plant the produce, and by September or October, it is ready for picking.

2. Millets

Reason- Small-grained millets are warm-weather, perennial grains in the grass family. They have a comparable nutrient profile to other main grains, are very drought and other severe weather adaptable

4. Cotton

Reason - Cotton is a smooth, fluffy staple fibre that develops around the seeds of cotton plants of the species Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae in a boll, or protective container. The fibre is almost entirely made of cellulose, with traces of wax, oil, pectin, and water. The cotton bolls will speed up the spread of the seeds in their native environment.

Explanation:

The correct Option is (a) Pulses.

Reason - The world's biggest supplier and consumer of pulses is India.

India's top pulse-producing regions are Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka. All leguminous legumes, with the exception of arhar, contribute to the regeneration of soil nutrients by fixing nitrogen from the air. Leguminous legumes are therefore typically produced in rotation with other kinds of crops. In meatless meals, pulses are the main source of protein. The main legumes produced in India are gram, peas, masur, moog, urad, and tur (arhar). Pulses require less moisture and can live in arid environments.

The Incorrect Options are: (b), (c), (d)

1. Millets 

 Reason - In India, the three most significant millets are ragi, bajra, and jowar. Despite being referred to as grainy cereals, they are extremely nutritious. An excellent source of roughage, calcium, iron, and other minerals is ragi. Ragi is a product that develops well in arid climates and does well in shallow dark, loamy, sandy, and red soil.

2. Jawar

Reason - The shrub jawar is not a legume.

It is possible to grow it during both the Kharif and Rabi seasons.

Jowar is produced in the Khariff season (roughly from May to September) and some other grains in the Rabi season. (October to December).

3. Sesamum

Reason - Sesame is not a legume species either.

It's grown as a kharif product. Sesamum is a genus of about 20 varieties of blooming plants in the Pedaliaceae family of leguminous crops. The flowers, which can be biennial or permanent, produce edible seeds. Sesame, Sesamum indicium (also known as Sesamum Orientale), which produces sesame seeds, is the most well-known species in the family.

Explanation:

One significant beverage product is tea.

In warm and subtropical regions with deep, fruitful, well-drained soil that is abundant in humus and organic matter, the tea plant thrives. Tea plants require a year-round environment that is warm, humid, and frost-free. Over the course of the year, regular rains guarantee that tender leaves continue to develop. It takes a lot of labour to produce tea. It needs a lot of competent, affordable labour. To maintain its freshness, tea is handled inside the tea plantation.

Explanation:

India's main dietary product is rice. The environment is warm and humid, which is good for rice. The crucially hot and humid environment is provided by the summer and rainy seasons, which are when rice is produced, from April to October. Rice is a Kharif product as a result. After China, which produces the most rice annually, India ranks second in the world, creating 155.682 million metric tons of the grain annually. Indians eat primarily rice, and the country's environment is ideal for growing rice. West Bengal is the province that produces the most paddy in India. Additionally, it is produced more in other states such as Assam, Bihar, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu.

Explanation:

There was a need for significant institutional and technical changes because more than 60% of India's people relied on the agriculture industry for their living. Therefore, following freedom, emphasis was placed on implementing institutional changes through various measures, including the elimination of zamindari, the consolidation of holdings, collaboration, collectivization, etc. Our first five-year plans were primarily concerned with "Land Reforms. “Due to the fragmentation of land properties brought on by the right of inheritance, assets needed to be consolidated. Banks, cooperative societies, and Graeme banks were created to provide lending services to the farmers at reduced interest rates. Crop insurance was created to protect farmers from crop-damaging illnesses, fires, storms, floods, and droughts

Explanation:

There are numerous repercussions when cultivated territory is decreasing. Which are Food scarcity due to population growth Increase in food crop prices

Farmer unemployment and loss of livelihood; shortage of raw materials for agro-industries; negative impact on foreign trade, as agricultural goods make up a significant portion of global commerce.

Explanation:

 In the 1960s and 1970s, the Indian government set out on a quest to implement agricultural changes in order to enhance Indian agriculture. A majority of Indian farmland was improved through the implementation of the White Revolution (Operation Flood) and the Green Revolution, which used package technology. However, this too caused growth to concentrate in a small number of chosen regions. As a result, a thorough land development initiative was started in the 1980s and 1990s that included both institutional and technical changes. The creation of Graeme banks, cooperative societies, and banks to provide loan services to the farmers at reduced rates of interest were some significant moves in this direction. Crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire, and disease was also provided.

The Government of India also established the Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and the Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) for the advantage of farmers. Agricultural programs and specific weather bulletins for farmers were also launched on radio and television. For key commodities, the government also declares minimal support prices, remunerative prices, and procurement prices to prevent middlemen and speculators from taking advantage of producers.

Explanation:

The concept of globalization is not novel. At the period of colonization, it was there. When European merchants first arrived in India in the eighteenth century, spices from that country were also exported to other nations at that time, and farmers in south India were urged to produce these crops. It continues to be a significant Indian product to this day. The cultivators in India have faced new difficulties as a result of globalization, especially since 1990. Although we are a major producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute, and spices, the heavily subsidized agriculture in industrialized nations prevents our agricultural goods from competing with theirs. Indian agriculture is currently at a juncture. The situation of marginal and small farms needs to be improved in order for agriculture to be effective and lucrative.

Explanation:

The following physical factors are necessary for rice growth:

It is a kharif product that must be grown in a hot, muggy environment.  Rice grows best in climates with temperatures (above 25°C), high humidity, and yearly rainfall of at least 100 centimetres.

The floodplains and deltaic regions' fertile silt soils, which are replenished each year, are perfect for rice farming.