Chapter-6 Manufacturing Industries

Explanation:

The Correct Option is (b) Cement. 

Reason - In the cement industry, limestone is primarily used as a basic ingredient. It is employed in construction projects and in blast furnaces to refine iron. Additionally, it is employed in the production of mortar and glass.

The incorrect Options are: (a), (c), (d)

(a) Aluminium - A versatile substance that is essential to contemporary living is aluminium. Everything from soda cans to mobile phones to window frames to aircraft contains the metal. The sections in the Industries part describe how the aluminium used in these goods is produced. The part on Product Markets contains information about end-use goods.

(c)Plastic - An array of sectors, including packaging, building and construction, technology, aerospace, manufacturing, and transportation, depend on the plastics industry for the production of polymer materials, also known as plastics, and for the provision of plastics-related services. It belongs to the chemistry sector. Mineral oil also belongs to the petrochemical sector because it is a key component of polymers.

(d) Automobile - Automotive industry refers to all businesses and endeavours concerned with the production of motor vehicles, including the majority of their parts, such as their bodies and motors, but excluding their tires, batteries, and gasoline. Passenger cars and light trucks, including trailers, vans, and sport utility vehicles, are the main goods of the sector. Despite being crucial to the business, commercial vehicles (such as delivery trucks and big transport trucks, also known as semis), are only second.

Explanation:

The Correct Option is (b) SAIL (Steel Authority Of India Limited)

SAIL runs and controls 3 special steel factories in Salem, Durgapur, and Bhadravathi in addition to 5 integrated steel plants in Bhilai, Rourkela, Burnpur (Asansol), Bokaro, and Durgapur. SAIL's head office is in New Delhi. 

The Steel Industry Chotanagpur Plateau has the highest number of iron and steel businesses. The growth of this business can benefit from some relative benefits in this area. Some of these benefits include the enormous domestic market's potential for development, affordable labor, the accessibility of high-quality raw materials nearby, and the low price of iron ore.

The Incorrect options are: 

(a) HAIL - The dangerous Activities and Industries List (HAIL) is a list of businesses and activities that are thought to be likely to contaminate property through the use, storing, or disposal of dangerous substances. The HAIL aims to pinpoint the majority of circumstances in New Zealand where hazardous materials may, and frequently do, result in soil pollution.

(c) TATA STEEL - Tata Steel Limited is a global Indian steel manufacturer with offices in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. It belongs to the Tata Organization. Prior to that, it was known as Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited. (TISCO)

(d) MNCC (Multi National Coordination Centre) - The multi-national coordinating centre (MNCC), which operates under the general supervision of the impacted state government, is crucial in promoting military-military coordination of crisis reactions.

Coordination or incorporation is the collective management of organizing activities and services. Technical assistance and dependability are feasible. Organizational success depends on collaboration among team members and networking with international businesses.

Explanation:

The correct Option is (a) Aluminium.

Reason - An essential mineral used to produce aluminium is bauxite. It is an aluminium oxide. The aluminium industry employs bauxite as a basic substance because it is a rock made primarily of hydrated aluminium oxide rather than a particular mineral.

The Incorrect Answer are: (b), (c), (d)

(b) Cement - Bauxite, which contains calcium carbonate, lends cement its power and longevity, making it more resistant to exposure to moisture than regular cement. Making cement with bauxite as an ingredient can prevent bridges, roadways, and other public infrastructure from collapsing too soon.

(c) Jute - A natural fabric obtained from the jute plant is called Jute. Jute's appeal is multifaceted because it not only has a low carbon footprint and is made using renewable resources, but it also has real positive effects on the ecosystem. The ever-popular cotton gets the top position for being the most frequently made plant-based fibre, followed by jute. Jute is renowned for its sturdiness and toughness.

(d) Steel - It is used as a basic substance in the refractory industry to create a variety of goods. The primary raw substance used in the production of electric equipment, machines, and civil tools is bauxite. It replaces fluorine as a slag corrector in the steel business.

Explanation:

The Correct Option is (b) Electronic.

Reason - The business that works with the production of electronic goods and appliances is known as an electronic firm. The electronics industry also produces mobiles, computers, and phones.

The Incorrect Option are: (a), (c), (d)

(a) Steel - Building Industry Without mentioning how heavily the global construction sectors depend on steel, no list of applications for steel would be comprehensive.

(c) Aluminium - A versatile substance that is essential to contemporary living is aluminium. Everything from soda cans to mobile phones to window frames to aircraft contains the metal. The sections in the Industries part describe how the aluminium used in these goods is produced.

(d) Information Technology - IT has improved processes across the entire vertical, from factory equipment to front-office operations, having a wide range of effects on the industrial sector. The connection between suppliers, original equipment makers (OEMs), logistics, and final consumers has been affected by information technology.

Explanation:

 After refining raw materials to create more valued products, manufacturing is the process of producing things in large amounts. For instance, it takes timber to make paper, sugar to make sugarcane sugar, iron to make steel, and alumina to make aluminium.

• Supply of basic materials

• Suitable weather

• providing electricity and water

• Accessibility to appropriate transportation options.

• For instance, the Hugli basin's proximity to the jute-producing regions and the accessibility of reasonably priced water transit have led to a concentration of the jute cloth industry in West Bengal.

Explanation:

The two affordable and competent labor is readily available. The calibre of goods created will suffer if there is a lack of qualified labor. If there isn't any inexpensive labor accessible, manufacturing costs will go up. Consequently, this is a crucial component.

The existence of a market for the created products. Your final product must be in high demand, and there must be convenient, reliable, and affordable conveyance options to get the products from the factory to the market. Availability of various services, including finance, insurance, and consulting.

Explanation:

Among the various categories of industries, basic industries are one. Utilizing the primary materials or goods provided by fundamental industries or important industries, various goods are produced. Smelting of aluminium, copper, steel, and iron are a few examples.

• Industries are categorized based on a variety of factors, as shown below.

• Industry classification according to roles

• There are two distinct kinds present here.

• Details about basic industries are provided above.

• Consumer industries: These businesses create products that consumers use immediately. Fan, sewing machine, paper, soap, sugar, and other examples are some.

Explanation:

Cement production calls for bulky, low-value, and weight-losing materials. The business is mainly focused on raw materials. The primary raw element is limestone. A cement plant's site is primarily determined by the presence of limestone reserves. Seashells, fertilizer slag, steel mill slag, silica, and aluminium are a few additional basic materials that are crucial components. Gypsum is required to control the cement's curing period.  

Explanation:

The assembly of raw materials, steel production, rolling, and shaping are all handled in one complex by integrated steel factories, which are vast. Mini steel factories are smaller, use steel scrap and sponge iron, and have electric ovens. They also have re-rollers that work with steel bars. They make basic and alloy steel that meets predetermined requirements.

The following list of issues facing the steel industry:

• Limited supply and high expense of coking coal

• Lower labor productivity Unreliable electricity sources

• Shoddy construction

Through the efforts of private businesses, recent changes like liberalization and foreign direct investment (FDI) have boosted the industry.

Explanation:

Four kinds of contamination are caused by industries:

1. Air

2. Water

3. Land

4. Noise

Air- High concentrations of unfavourable gases, such as carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide, as well as airborne particle matter, are what create air pollution.

Water- Organic and inorganic industrial pollutants and effluents released into water bodies are the main source of water contamination. The major offenders are paper, mills, and tanneries.

Land- Pollution of the soil and water are closely linked. Waste is dumped on the land, rendering it unusable for farming. The pollutants then pollute the groundwater by passing through the earth.

Noise- Construction and manufacturing equipment both contribute to noise pollution.

The following are some actions that can be done to reduce environmental damage by industries:

• Adopting modern methods and modernizing old machinery to increase energy economy. Green areas are provided to support ecological equilibrium.

• Factory smokestacks can be equipped with electrostatic precipitators, fabric screens, scrubbers, and inertial separators to decrease airborne particulate matter.

• Using silencers on machinery that makes sounds.

• Reducing water use through two or more consecutive phases of reuse and recycling.

• capturing rainfall to fulfil water needs

• Preparing hot water and effluents for release before dumping them into pools and waterways. Industrial effluents can be treated in three stages:

• Mechanical methods for initial therapy. Screening, crushing, flocculation, and settling are all involved.

• Biological, chemical, and physical mechanisms used in tertiary therapy. Wastewater treatment is involved here.