Introduction When it comes to understanding the transport of water and nutrients in plants, the concepts of apoplast and symplast are crucial. Plants have two primary transport systems that work together to move water and nutrients from the roots to the shoots and leaves. These transport systems are called the apoplast and symplast pathways. Both […]
Introduction The muscular system is an organ system in the body that is responsible for generating force and movement. It includes all the muscles in the body, as well as their associated tendons, which connect muscles to bones, and ligaments, which connect bones to other bones. The muscular system works together with other systems in […]
Introduction Muscular dystrophy is a type of debilitating genetic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It causes progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles, leading to disability and, in some cases, premature death this includes many disorders. This condition can occur at any age, but it usually manifests in childhood. The severity of the […]
Introduction Tissues in the body that produce movement and maintain posture are muscles. Muscle fibers are specialized cells that contract and relax to move, and make up the body structure. Muscles are made up of protein fibers and are highly organized structures. The protein fibers are organized into myofibrils, which contain contractile proteins, such as […]
Introduction Proteins play a crucial role in muscle movement. They form the building blocks of muscle fibers and are involved in all aspects of muscle function, including muscle contraction, regulation of muscle tone, and maintenance of muscle structure. The interaction between contractile, regulatory, and structural proteins, as well as enzymes involved in energy metabolism, is […]
Introduction Blood is a complex mixture of cells, proteins, and other molecules that play crucial roles in maintaining our health. Two of the most important components of blood are plasma and serum, which are often used interchangeably but are actually quite different. The liquid component of blood that remains after the blood cells, platelets, and […]
Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a type of heart arrhythmia that affects the rhythm of the heartbeat. In AFib, the upper chambers of the heart beat irregularly, this leading to a fast and chaotic heartbeat. This lead to several symptoms, including palpitations, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, fatigue, and chest pain. AFib is a common condition, […]
Introduction In asthma breathing becomes challenging. Airflow into and out of the lungs is hampered by the inflammation and narrowing of the airways and symptoms like wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath result from this. A mix of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle variables can contribute to asthma development. All ages are affected by […]
Introduction The human heart has four chambers that are crucial to the circulatory system and the left and right ventricles are two of them. The blood is pumped throughout the body and to the lungs, where it is oxygenated, by the left and right ventricles working in tandem. The two ventricles cooperate to effectively remove […]