Chapter-2 From trade to territory

Explanation:

The following factors attracted European trading companies to choose India: 

silk and cotton of high quality at a low price. 

for pepper, cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, and other spices.

Explanation:

The Bengal nawabs asserted their power and refused to make any concessions to the Company. They prevented the Company from expanding its fortifications, demanded hefty tributes in exchange for the Company's right to trade, and prevented the Company from minting coins. They said that the company was tricking the Bengal government out of a lot of money and was undermining the nawab's authority. They also said that the company was lying. It involved writing letters of disrespect, not paying taxes, and attempting to humiliate the nawab and his officials. These areas saw combat between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India Company. 

Explanation:

1. The British as the dominant power: The state that wanted to sign this treaty had to acknowledge that the English were the only legitimate authority. That state was protected by the East India Company. 

2.Residence appointment: In order to keep an eye on the king's activities, the state kept an English resident in their court. 

3.Maintaining an English army: It was forbidden for Indian rulers to have an army to defend the state from both internal and external invasion. An English army had to be kept by the state. The army's costs were borne by the state

4.Contributing to the region: A portion of the Indian rulers' territories were forfeited as punishment if they failed to make payments. 

● For instance, in 1801, the Nawab of Awadh is forced to give the company more than half of his territory. 

● Similar circumstances forced Hyderabad to surrender territory as well.

5.The English's protection: The English Company promised to defend the state against its adversaries in exchange for the aforementioned conditions. They also made a promise to the state that they would not interfere with the state's internal affairs, but they rarely kept this promise. 

Explanation:

The Company was appointed the Diwan of Bengal's provinces by the Mughal emperor in 1765. The Organization had the option to exploit Bengal's bountiful income sources thanks to the Diwani. This resolved a significant issue that the company had previously encountered. In spite of the development of its exchange, most of its buys required English imported gold and silver. Britain stopped sending in so much gold after Diwani took over. Right now, India's revenue could cover the costs of the organization. They used these funds to maintain Company troops, purchase cotton and silk textiles in India, and construct the Company fort and offices in Calcutta. 

Explanation:

1.When the East India Company started recruiting for the army, it used its own method.

2.The term "sepoy army" comes from the Indian word "sipahi," which means "soldier.

3.Because the British empire that fighting in Burma, Afghanistan, and Egypt, the Company's army's cavalry requirements decreased in the 1820s as warfare technology changed.

4.The soldiers had to keep up with the changing requirements of the military because they were armed with matchlocks and muskets. 

5.The importance of its infantry regiments increased now. 

6.The British began to establish a uniform military culture at the beginning of the 19th century.

7.Drills and discipline typical of European training were taught to soldiers. 8.They had much more control over their lives before. 

9.Caste and community sentiments were ignored when creating a force of professional soldiers, this frequently resulted in issues

Explanation:

The Company's administration differed from the Indian rulers in the given ways: 1.The company's administrative units were divided into Presidencies. Bengal, Madras, and Bombay were the three presidencies. Districts were the primary administrative units in India.

2.Every administration was controlled by a Lead representative. The Collectors were in charge of the districts. 

3.The Governor-General was in charge of the Company's administration at the highest level. However, in India, the king was in charge of the government. 

4.The Governor-General's primary responsibility was to implement administrative reforms, while the Collector's primary responsibility was to collecting revenue and taxes and maintain order in his district.

Explanation:

● Architecture: inspired by British architecture (the city's fortifications, churches, and other structures). Bungalows were first constructed in the English style by wealthy Indians.

● Culture: The British gained influence. 

● Lifestyle:English clothing and education gained popularity. 

Explanation:

Rani Lakshmibai was born on November 19, 1828, to a Marathi brahmin family in the holy city of Varanasi. Moropant Tambe was her father. Her father was employed by a Peshwa court in the Bithoor district. Manikarnika was raised by Peshwa like his own daughter. She was dubbed "Chhabili" by the Peshwa, which means "playful." 

She received her education at home and grew up to be more independent than other children her age; She studied self-defense, horsemanship, and archery. 

Between the palace and the temple, Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed to ride on horseback with a small escort. The Rani Mahal, where Rani Lakshmibai used to live, is now a museum. She bravely fought the British Army to save her state of Jhansi before passing away.

Explanation:

Queen Elizabeth, ruled England in the year 1600.

Explanation:

The Company had received only the right to trade duty-free from Aurangzeb's Farman. However, the Company's officials who were trading privately on the side stopped paying duty as well. Bengal suffered a significant revenue loss as a result

Explanation:

 It would gladly accept trade concessions and other privileges from a manikin ruler.

Explanation:

One of Sirajuddaulah's commanders, Mir Jafar, did not participate in the battle. 

Explanation:

Mir Qasim was installed by the company in its place of Mir Jafar. 

Explanation:

It was the Company's first significant victory in India.

Explanation:

It paid for Indian goods with British-imported gold and silver. 

Explanation:

A number of company officials brought their wealth back to Britain, where they lived extravagant lives and proudly displayed their wealth. They were known as "nabobs." 

Explanation:

The Residents were the company's political or commercial agents, and their responsibility was to serve and advance the company's interests. 

Explanation:

Through the locals, Company officials began interfering in Indian states' internal affairs. 

Explanation:

Tipu Sultan, Haider Ali's son. 

Explanation:

He did this to modernize his army with their assistance.

Explanation:

Tipu Sultan was killed while defending Seringapatam, his capital.

Explanation:

Orissa and the territories north of the Yamuna River, including Agra and Delhi, were taken over by the British.

Explanation:

The Company asserted that its power was greater than that of Indian states because its authority was paramount or supreme.

Explanation:

She was placed in the jail where she passed on. 

Explanation:

The Indian king's kingdom would become part of Company territory if he died without a male heir.

Explanation:

Jhansi, Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, and Nagpur

Explanation:

He was convicted of misruling Bengal.

Explanation:

Warren Hastings was brought to trial. 

Explanation:

Various European trading companies included: 

● Portuguese people. The Portuguese already had a presence on the western coast of India and had a base in Goa by the time the first English ships sailed down the west coast of Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope, and across the Indian Ocean. 

● The Dutchmen By the mid seventeenth hundred years, the Dutch also were investigating the conceivable outcomes of exchange the Indian Sea. 

● The Europeans. The French merchants soon arrived with the same intention. 

Explanation:

The company declared that the trade of the company was being destroyed by the unreasonable demands of local officials. The removal of duties is the only way that trade could flourish. It was also persuaded that it needed to expand its settlements, acquire villages, and rebuild its forts in order to increase trade.

Explanation:

A famous ruler of Mysore was Tipu Sultan. He ruled Mysore from 1782 to 1799. Mysore rose to great power under his leadership. The company bought pepper and cardamom from the Malabar coast, where it controlled a lucrative trade. In 1785, Tipu Sultan banned local merchants from trading with the company and stopped the export of their goods through the ports of his kingdom. In addition, he established relations with the French in India to modernize his army with their help. The British were angry. They then fought four battles against the ruler of Tipu. He lost his last fight for bad reasons. He was killed defending his capital, Seringapatam. He deserves praise for his opposition to the British.

Explanation:

To crush Maratha power, the Company fought a series of wars against the Marathas: 

● The first war ended in 1782 with the Treaty of Sabai because there was no clear winner.

● Beginning in 1803, the second Anglo-Maratha War lasted until 1805. The British won Orissa and the territories north of the Yamuna River, including Agra and Delhi, in this war, which was fought on multiple fronts. 

● Maratha power was destroyed during the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1817-1819. The Peshwa was taken away. The areas south of the Vindhyas were completely under the Company's control at this point. 

Explanation:

Maulvis and Hindu Pandits interpreted Indian law to the European District Collectors who presided over the civil courts before the reforms. The qazi and mufti continued to preside over the criminal courts. Local laws were usually interpreted differently by Brahmin pandits. However, they lacked unity. In 1775, eleven pandits were asked to compile a compendium of Hindu law to unify. This summary was translated into English by N.B. The green ones. By 1778, an Islamic code was also designed to serve the European authorities. A second Supreme Court was established in the protest of control (1773), while an appellate court - the Sadar Nizamal Adalat - was also established in Calcutta. 

Explanation:

For business concessions and other benefits, the company wanted a puppet ruler to succeed Sirajuddaulah. It started with helping rival Sirajuddaulah to become Nawab. This angered Sirajuddaula. He vehemently demanded that the organization stop interfering in the political aspirations of his region. After negotiations failed, the Nawab and his soldiers marched towards the English factory at Kasimbazar, disarmed all the English workers and blockaded the English ships. He then marched towards Calcutta to take control of the company's fort. Madras Company officials immediately dispatched Robert Clive's forces, supported by the navy, when they learned that Calcutta had fallen. After that I had long talks with the Nawab. There was no real answer though. Finally, Robert Clive's army under Sirajuddaulahi's company was defeated at Plassey in 1759. 

Sirajuddaulah lost in this battle. One of his commanders, Mir Jafar, did not participate in the battle, which was the main reason. Since the company promised to make him Nawab if Sirajuddaulah was defeated, he actually supported the company rather than fighting. The company had a lot of confidence after winning the Battle of Plassey. This was the company's first major win in India.

Explanation:

Lord Hastings, who served as the Governor General of India from 1813 to 1823, implemented a brand new policy known as Primary. Now the company said that because its authority is paramount or supreme, it has more power than the Indian states. Any Indian kingdom may be annexed or threatened with annexation justly for the protection of its interests. 

Even so, there were challenges in this cycle. When the British tried to occupy the small state of Kittoor, now part of Karnataka, Rani Channamma took up arms and led a resistance movement against the British. He was arrested in 1823 and died in prison in 1829. However, this resistance movement did not end. Rajana, a poor sangoli chowkidar in Kitoor, was responsible for this. He destroyed several English camps and records with known help. The British also captured him in 1830 and executed him by hanging.

Explanation:

The British East India Company established the first English factory on the banks of the Hugh River in 1651. This was the basis on which the company's merchants, then called factors, operated. The factory also housed a warehouse where goods for export were stored, as well as offices where company officials held meetings. The organization persuaded shippers and retailers to move closer to the production unit as the stock market rose. 

By 1696, the company began to build a fort around the settlement. To give the company zamindari rights over three villages, it bribed Mughal court officials two years later. One of them was Kalikata, which later developed into the city of Calcutta. In addition, the organization managed to persuade the Mughal ruler, Aurangzeb, to issue a company that allowed the organization to exchange non-tradable items. The company constantly tried to abuse existing privileges and gain additional benefits. For example, Aurangzebi's Farman authorized the company to trade tax-free only. The company's employees, on the other hand, were expected to pay customs duties for their side hustle. But they didn't want to pay. Therefore, Bengal lost much of the change.

Explanation:

correct answer:(b) 

Wrong answers:a,c,d 

Reason:A term used in the constitution of the Mughal Empire that refers to a royal decree that cannot be changed.

Explanation:

Correct answer:(b) 

Wrong answers:a,c,d 

Reason:In 1756, Sirj al-Dawlah succeeded his grandfather, Al Vard Khan, as nawab of Bengal.

Explanation:

correct answer:(b) 

Wrong answers:a,c,d 

Reason:In 1848, the company took over the princely state of Satara. The British East India Company used the doctrine of lapse, or annexation policy, in India until 1859. 

Explanation:

correct answer:(a) 

Wrong answers:b,c,d 

Reason:Between 1787 and 1795, attempts were made in the Parliament of Great Britain to remove Warren Hastings, the first governor-general of Bengal Presidency. During his time in Calcutta, Hastings was accused of misconduct, particularly mismanagement and personal corruption.

Explanation:

True

Explanation:

False

Explanation:

True

Explanation:

False

Explanation:

False

Explanation:

True