Chapter-18 Wastewater story (NCERT Exampler)

Explanation:

1. Vermi-composting toilets

(b) Vacuum toilets
(c) Chemical toilets
(d) Composting toilets
(e) Septic tank toilets

Explanation:

By doing the following few actions at home, we may reduce the amount of garbage and contaminants entering the water and produce less wastewater.

by avoiding flushing spent tea leaves, solid food scraps, etc. It should be discarded in the trash.by avoiding flushing chemicals like paint, pesticides, and other medications down the toilet, which add to the sewage's pollution burden.

Explanation:

a) Sewage: Wastewater discharged by homes, businesses, hospitals, and other users is referred to as sewage. It also includes precipitation from heavy downpours or storm-related street runs. Sewage is waste that is liquid.

b) Water cleaning: Cleaning water involves filtering out contaminants before it enters a water body or is utilised again.

Explanation:

As a result of factors such as population growth, pollution, industrialization, inadequate management, and others, freshwater is becoming increasingly limited. On March 22, 2005, World Water Day, the United Nations General Assembly recognised the seriousness of the issue and proclaimed the years 2005 to 2015 the International Decade for Action on "Water for Life." All efforts launched this decade have as their objective halving the number of people without access to clean drinking water.

Explanation:

In the vermi-processing toilet, the human waste is broken down by earthworms in a pit. The earthworms progressively absorb the organic matter in human excrement, break it down, then expel it from their bodies as warm casting, also known as vermi cakes. Vermi cakes, or high-quality manure (a resource that is greatly needed for soil), are a desirable result of a vermi-processing toilet.

Explanation:

After being cleansed, the water is transferred to an aeration tank for additional processing. Aerobic bacteria can flourish by introducing air to the cleansed water with an aerator. The organic matter still present in the cleaned water, such as soap, food scraps, human waste, and so forth, is subsequently consumed by these aerobic bacteria. After some time, the aerobic bacteria that were suspended turn into activated sludge and settle to the tank's bottom.

Explanation:

Clarified water is water that has undergone bar screening, sedimentation, aeration, and skimming. It can be used to water plants, flush toilets, and clean public areas.

Explanation:

Each and every person has a duty to maintain public areas tidy. We must do the steps outlined below in order to participate fully.

Make sure everything is kept clean all around us.

The sewage system in the house needs to be kept in good working order.

Notify the proper authority immediately if sewage lines burst.

Explanation:

The progressively sloped grit and sand removal tank may allow heavy particles like sand and grit to settle. The water flow in this tank has been considerably slowed. Heavy wastewater particles like grit and sand settle to the bottom of the tank when water flows at a virtually motionless pace. The clarifier is where the water is then taken.

Explanation:

The wastewater that leaves homes and other structures is called sewage. Sewerage is a network of sewage-carrying pipes known as sewers. Sewage, sewers, and sewerage are all interconnected in this way.

Explanation:

One way to cut back on or get rid of trash and pollutants at the source is to look at what you're flushing down the toilet. The recommendations for the same are as follows:

Cooking oil and fats shouldn't be poured down the drain. They may solidify and clog the pipes. Oil and fats should be disposed of properly to avoid clogging open drains and reducing the soil's ability to filter water.

There are compounds in paints, solvents, insecticides, motor oil, and medications that can kill the bacteria that help filter water. Therefore don't dispose of them in the toilet.

Always discard discarded tea bags, food scraps, soft toys, cotton, sanitary napkins, and cotton clothing.

There are compounds in paints, solvents, insecticides, motor oil, and medications that can kill the bacteria that help filter water. Therefore don't dispose of them in the toilet.

Used tea leaves, solid food scraps, soft toys, cotton, sanitary towels and other garbage should always be disposed of in the trash can since they clog drains. They restrict the free passage of oxygen. As a result, the deteriorating process is hampered.

Explanation:

To eliminate the physical, biological, and chemical stuff that in some way contaminates the wastewater, chemical, physical, and biological techniques are used in wastewater treatment.

Bar screens are used to filter out waste water. Oversized items are taken out of the way, such as sticks, rags, cans, plastic packages, and napkins.

Following that, water is added to a tank to flush out grit and sand. To give grit, sand, and stones time to settle, the flow rate of incoming wastewater is slowed.

The water is then given time to settle in a big tank with a sloped centre. Solids like faeces sink to the bottom and are removed by scraping. The sludge is this. A skimmer removes grease and other floatable debris. Clarified water is described as being so clear.

After that, the sludge is transferred to another tank, where anaerobic microbes decompose it.

Air is pumped into the cleaned water to promote the growth of aerobic microorganisms. Bacteria consume unwanted chemicals that are still present in cleansed water, including soaps, food scraps, human waste, and other impurities.

After many hours, the suspended microbes transform into activated sludge and fall to the tank bottom. The water is then removed from the surface using equipment or sand drying beds.

The treated water has very little organic content and suspended particles. It is discharged into the atmosphere, the soil, or a body of water. It is further purified by nature.

Explanation:

The maintenance of hygiene at the communal level is known as sanitation. It is necessary to keep public areas clean and dispose of sewage effectively. Sanitation issues indicate a breakdown in maintaining hygiene standards. This happens as a result of improper sewage disposal. This makes it possible for harmful bacteria and their carriers to reproduce. As the number of harmful bacteria increases, the likelihood of contracting certain diseases increases. Poor sanitation has an effect on both the quantity and accessibility of clean drinking water. A lot of health issues that can turn into a number of diseases are brought on by a lack of access to good drinking water. In addition, the absence of clean water would make it difficult to recuperate from illnesses.

Answer:

The proper order for wastewater treatment in a treatment facility is (c) Water is passed over bar screens to filter out large items like plastic bags.

(f) Wastewater enters a tank used to remove grit and sand.

(d) By slowing the flow of entering wastewater, sand, grit, and stones settle.

(a) In a sizable tank with a slope in the centre, water is made to settle.

(a) The grease that is afloat is skimmed off and the sludge is scraped away.

Explanation:

To handle areas without a sewage infrastructure, such as rural areas and isolated structures, low cost outdoor sewage disposal systems have been designed. Below is a description of them:

Septic systems A cheap onsite sewage disposal system is the septic tank. Septic tanks work well in areas without sewer systems. Cleaning of these tanks is required every four to six months.

A typical septic tank is a sizable, covered, subterranean concrete tank with an entrance line on one end and an output pipe on the other. The septic tank's inflow pipe is joined to the toilet seat. Through the input line, human waste from the toilet seat drains into the septic tank. Watery waste is left above the solid portion of excreta, which continues to settle at the bottom of the septic tank in the form of sludge.

The majority of the solid organic content in human excreta is broken down by anaerobic bacteria, thus reducing the amount of solid waste. The bottom of the septic tank continues to accumulate with the digested solid waste. 

Anaerobic microorganisms also clean the liquid waste. Through the outflow line, extra water exits the septic tank and is absorbed by the ground.

(ii) Pits for composting These are self-contained systems for disposing of human waste that are not attached to a septic tank or sewage line. Human faeces dehydrates and decomposes in a composting toilet.

Chemical restrooms Because of their limited ability to hold human waste, these toilets must be regularly emptied. These are the toilets that employ a reservoir that has undergone chemical treatment, right underneath the toilet seats. The chemicals partially cleanse human waste while also reducing the unpleasant smell that emanates from human excrement.

Explanation:

The human waste is processed by earthworms in a pit in the vermi-processing toilet. The organic material in human excreta is slowly consumed by the earthworms, who then breakdown it and expel it from their bodies as warm casting (also called vermi cakes).

Vermi cakes, a type of high-quality manure, are the useful product produced by a vermi-processing toilet.

Explanation:

No, one must always transport the trash home and dispose of it in the trash there or put it in a trashcan nearby.

Undisposed waste may clog drains if it is not removed properly. Also, it makes public spaces unclean and unsanitary.

Explanation:

Indeed, each of us has a responsibility to maintain a clean and safe environment. Our collective efforts can help keep public spaces clean. We shouldn't leave trash lying around. We should bring the trash home and dispose of it in the trashcan if there isn't one nearby.

Explanation:

Several businesses provide onsite, sanitary technology for disposing of human waste. There is no need to scavenge for these restrooms. A biogas factory receives excrement from toilet seats via covered sewers. The generated biogas is employed as a fuel source.