Chapter-7 Weather, Climate, and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

Explanation:

The weather of a place is determined by a complex interplay of various elements, including the latitude and altitude of the location, prevailing winds and their direction, humidity levels, temperature, air pressure, precipitation, and the presence of any nearby water bodies or landforms.

Explanation:

The maximum temperature will likely occur around mid-afternoon when the Sun is highest in the sky and has had the most time to warm the Earth's surface. The minimum temperature is likely to occur during the early morning hours, just before sunrise, as the Earth's surface cools off during the night due to radiative cooling. However, these timings can vary depending on factors like latitude, altitude, weather patterns, and time of the year.

Explanation:

Animals are adapted to live in specific climatic conditions based on various factors like temperature, humidity, precipitation, and vegetation. For example, polar bears are adapted to living in cold climates with ice and snow cover, while camels are adapted to hot desert conditions where water is scarce.

Explanation:

Climate refers to the long-term patterns and variations in weather conditions of a particular region or the Earth. Climate can vary across different areas due to differences in latitude, altitude, and proximity to water bodies.

Explanation:

Elephants living in tropical rainforests have adapted to their environment in various ways. They have long trunks to help them reach food and water sources in the dense forest undergrowth and large ears to help dissipate heat in the humid climate. They also have thick skin that helps protect them from insect bites and diseases, and strong legs to navigate muddy terrain.

Explanation:

During the rainy season, people use a variety of items to protect themselves from rainwater, including umbrellas, raincoats, rain boots, and waterproof jackets. Umbrellas are famous for their portability and convenience, while raincoats and jackets provide full-body protection from the rain.

Explanation:

The abilities of fish and lizards to survive in their respective habitats are due to their adaptations, which allow them to meet the challenges of their environments. The ability of an organism to survive and thrive in its habitat is known as its adaptation. In the case of fish, their adaptations include gills, which allow them to extract oxygen from water, while the adaptations of lizards include lungs that enable them to breathe air.

Explanation:

Many factors influence the climate of a place, including latitude, altitude, proximity to water bodies, prevailing winds, and topography. However, the most critical factor in determining the climate of a place is the amount of incoming solar radiation. This solar radiation is the primary driver of the Earth's climate system and therefore plays a crucial role in shaping the climate of a particular region.

Explanation:

One example of an animal that can live in water and on land is the amphibian, specifically the frog. Frogs start their life as aquatic tadpoles and then undergo metamorphosis to become semi-aquatic adults that can live on land and in water. They have adaptations that enable them to breathe both air and water.

Explanation:

The weather report carries information about various elements of weather, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, and cloud cover. The report may also include information about severe weather conditions, such as thunderstorms and tornadoes. 

Explanation:

Meteorologists are scientists who study the Earth's atmosphere, weather patterns, and climate. They use various tools and techniques, including computer models, satellite data, and ground-based observations, to forecast weather conditions. 

Explanation:

The primary source of energy that causes weather changes is solar radiation from the Sun. This energy drives atmospheric processes such as temperature, wind, and precipitation patterns. Other factors include Earth's rotation, topography, and ocean currents.

Explanation:

The North-Eastern regions of India have a humid subtropical climate with heavy rainfall throughout the year. The area experiences high temperatures and humidity levels during summer, with occasional heat waves. The temperature drops during winter but remains mild, with rare snowfall in higher elevations.

Explanation:

Predicting the weather of a specific place is problematic because it involves forecasting short-term atmospheric conditions, which are influenced by various factors, such as temperature and pressure, that are constantly changing. In contrast, predicting the climate of a place involves:

• Analyzing long-term weather patterns, which are influenced by more stable factors, such as geography.

• Ocean currents.

• Making it relatively easier to predict.

Explanation:

Climate and weather are related but distinct concepts. Weather refers to the short-term atmospheric conditions of a particular place, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and precipitation. In contrast, climate refers to the long-term patterns of weather that characterize a specific region over many years.

Explanation:

Fog is formed when water droplets in the air become suspended and condense into tiny droplets near the ground. This occurs when the air near the surface cools to its dew point, causing the moisture in the mood to condense into visible water droplets.

Explanation:

Penguins have several adaptive features that help them in swimming, including a streamlined body shape, webbed feet, and waterproof feathers. Their wings have evolved into flippers that aid in swimming, allowing them to move quickly through the water.

Explanation:

The ability of animals to match their surroundings is known as camouflage. Camouflage is a property that enables animals to blend into their environment, making them less visible to predators or prey. This adaptation can take various forms, such as changing colouration, patterns, or texture to match the surroundings, e.g. Polar bears. 

Explanation:

Toucan is a colourful bird in Central and South American tropical rainforests. Toucans have distinctive, long, and brightly coloured beaks that reach fruit and other food sources. They have many colours on their bodies, including black, white, yellow, and red. 

Explanation:

Polar bears are white as camouflage, allowing them to blend in with their snowy environment and more effectively hunt their prey. The polar bear's fur is transparent and hollow, which helps to scatter and reflect sunlight, creating a white appearance.

Explanation:

Burrows provide a refuge from the extreme temperatures of the desert. The temperature in a burrow is generally cooler than the surrounding air during the day and warmer at night. Burrows offer protection from predators such as snakes, birds of prey, and other desert predators. 

Explanation:

Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapour present in the air. The amount of water vapour present in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapour that the air can hold at a particular temperature and pressure.

Explanation:

The instrument used to measure rainfall is called a rain gauge. The most common type of rain gauge is a cylinder-shaped container with a funnel on top to collect the rainfall. It is a simple instrument that contains and measures the precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail) that falls in a specific location over a certain period.

Explanation:

Camouflage is a necessary adaptation that helps animals survive in their environments by allowing them to blend in and avoid detection. Some of these ways are- 

Avoiding Predators: Camouflage helps animals blend into their surroundings, making it harder for predators to spot them.

Hunting Prey: Camouflage can also help predators blend into their surroundings, making it easier to sneak up on their prey without being detected.

Explanation:

The weather of a place is determined by several elements, including:

Temperature: This refers to the amount of heat in the air and is measured using a thermometer.

Air pressure: This is the force exerted by the weight of the air and is measured using a barometer.

Humidity: This is the amount of moisture in the air and is measured using a hygrometer.

Wind: This refers to air movement and is measured using an anemometer.

Explanation:

The climate in North East India is influenced by its proximity to the Himalayas, which affects the amount of rainfall and temperature fluctuations in the region. The region is also prone to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes due to its location and heavy rainfall.

Explanation:

Maximum and minimum thermometers are specialized thermometers used to measure the highest and lowest temperatures that occur over a certain period. A maximum thermometer measures the highest temperature reached since the last reset. A minimum thermometer measures the lowest temperature reached since the last reset.  

Explanation:

Toucans have big beaks because it serves several important purposes:

Feeding: Toucans use their large beaks to feed on a variety of foods, including fruit, insects, and small animals.

Defence: The large, colourful beak of a toucan serves as a warning to potential predators. 

Communication: Toucans use their beaks to communicate with one another

Explanation:

A weather report provides information about a particular region's current and forecasted weather conditions. The information provided in a weather report may vary depending on the source and purpose of the report. Weather reports include Temperature, UV index, wind, precipitation, humidity, additional information, such as satellite imagery, radar maps, and forecasts for specific activities such as boating, skiing, or hiking. 

Explanation:

Migratory birds have evolved various navigational strategies to survive long migrations. Many birds use the position of the Sun, moon, and stars to navigate. Birds have a specialized sense to detect Earth's magnetic field. This sense is believed to help them navigate by providing an internal compass. Some birds are supposed to use their sense of smell to navigate by detecting changes in the scent of the air as they fly over different regions.

Explanation:

No, all seven days of a week are unlikely to have the same maximum and minimum temperatures, humidity, and rainfall. This is because many factors, including atmospheric pressure, wind patterns, and the location of high and low-pressure systems, influence weather conditions. These factors can change daily, leading to variations in weather conditions.

Explanation:

The weather is a complex phenomenon that can vary over brief periods. It can sometimes happen that it is sunny in the morning, but suddenly clouds appear from nowhere, and it starts raining heavily. Or, a heavy rain may vanish in minutes and give way to bright sunshine. Since the weather is such a complex phenomenon, it isn't easy to predict.

Explanation:

The Sun provides heat and light energy to Earth, which is absorbed by the atmosphere, oceans, and land surface, creating the conditions that give rise to weather. The Sun also plays a role in the water cycle, a fundamental process that drives weather patterns. Solar energy causes the evaporation of water from the Earth's surface, leading to the formation of clouds and precipitation.

Explanation:

Elephants in the rainforest have a varied diet that includes leaves, bark, fruits, and seeds. This allows them to find food throughout the year, even during the wet season when some food sources may be scarce. Elephants need to drink a lot of water to stay hydrated, and in the rainforest, they have access to numerous water sources, including rivers, streams, and pools. These are the few ways elephants adapt themselves and play their part in survival.