Chapter-11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Explanation:

The blood is transferred from the heart to all parts of the body through the circulatory system, which includes arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood through the arteries, which branch out to smaller vessels and capillaries, eventually returning to the heart through the veins.

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Hemoglobin is a kind of protein found in red blood cells. It mixes up with oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body. It also helps transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled.

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Transporting materials is necessary for plants and animals to distribute essential nutrients, water, and gases throughout the organism. It helps maintain proper cell function, growth, and metabolism and provides a means of waste removal.

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If no platelets are in the blood, a person will experience uncontrolled bleeding or hemorrhage, as platelets are essential for blood clotting. This could lead to severe health complications and even death in some cases. 

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Stomata are tiny pores on the surface of leaves and stems of plants that facilitate gas exchange, allowing for the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen and water vapor. They also regulate the water balance of the plant by controlling transpiration.

Explanation:

Yes, transpiration serves several valuable functions in plants. It helps regulate the plant's water balance, facilitate the transport of nutrients and minerals, and cool the plant by evaporative cooling. It also plays a role in the opening and closing of the stomata. 

Explanation:

Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma is the liquid part of blood that carries nutrients and waste. Red blood cells act as a carrier of oxygen. White blood cells fight infection and act as a warrior. Platelets help to clot blood.

Explanation:

Blood carries essential substances like oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to all body parts. It also helps to remove waste and toxins from the body. Blood also plays a vital role in regulating body temperature and maintaining a healthy immune system.

Explanation:

The red color of blood comes from the presence of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that binds with oxygen. When oxygen binds with hemoglobin, it gives the blood a bright red color. When oxygen is released, blood appears darker.

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Primary function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. It receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs to pick up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart, which pumps it to the rest of the body. The heart also helps to regulate blood pressure.

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Excreting waste products is necessary to remove harmful substances from the body that are produced during metabolic processes. If not removed, these substances can build up and cause damage to cells and tissues, leading to various health problems and diseases.

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The liquid blood component containing 90% water is called plasma. It carries nutrients, waste products, hormones, and other substances throughout the body. Plasma also plays a vital role in regulating body temperature and maintaining a healthy immune system.

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Arteries have thick, muscular walls that contract and relax to maintain blood flow in one direction. The pressure from the heart's pumping action also helps to push blood through the arteries. In contrast, veins rely on one-way valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

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Oxygen is transported to various body parts by hemoglobin oxyhemoglobin. This occurs when oxygen molecules bind with iron atoms in the hemoglobin protein, forming a stable complex. The oxyhemoglobin then travels through the bloodstream to deliver oxygen to tissues throughout the body.

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Veins are the greenish-blue lines that appear just beneath the skin on our hands and legs. Veins are blood vessels that transport oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart. The colour is caused by 15. deoxygenated blood in the veins.

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Human blood groups are divided into four main categories: A, B, AB, and O. These groups are determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens in the blood. 

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Exhalation removes waste carbon dioxide from the body, primarily from the lungs. Urea, a waste product of protein metabolism, is removed from the body by the kidneys, which filter it from the blood and excrete it in urine.

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Blood is a fluid connective tissue consisting of various types of cells and plasma. It helps connect different body parts by transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products and aiding in the immune response.

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Blood contains white blood cells, which are part of the immune system and can recognize and destroy foreign pathogens. When an infection occurs, white blood cells are activated and produce antibodies that specifically target the invading pathogen, protecting against the infection.

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Pulse rate measures the heart rate, which indicates how many times the heart beats per minute. Abnormal pulse rates can indicate underlying health conditions, such as high blood pressure and heart disease. 

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Valves are structures found in the circulatory system and other organs. Their primary function is to regulate fluid flow, such as blood or lymph, by opening and closing in response to pressure changes or muscular contractions, preventing backflow, and maintaining proper directional flow.

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The exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between arteries and veins occurs via capillaries. Capillaries are thin-walled vessels that allow diffusion of substances across their walls, allowing for exchange between arterial and venous blood.

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The pulmonary veins are an exception as they carry oxygenated blood. They transport blood from the lungs, where oxygen is picked up, to the heart's left atrium, where it is pumped out to the rest of the body through the aorta.

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The vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood in mammals and birds is the pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart's left atrium, where it is pumped into the systemic circulation to provide oxygen to the body's tissues. 

Explanation:

When you get a cut on your body, your body immediately starts to respond to the injury to prevent further damage and promote healing. The first response is usually the constriction of blood vessels in the cut area to reduce bleeding. The formation of a blood clot follows this to seal the wound and prevent further blood loss

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Explanation:

Circulatory system involves the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

The heart pumps blood throughout the body. It is divided into four chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle. 

Blood vessels are the tubes through which blood is transported throughout the body. They include arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Explanation:

Excretion is the process by which waste products and excess substances are removed from the body of an organism. The excretion process helps maintain homeostasis, which is the stable internal environment of an organism.

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Pulse rate, or heart rate, refers to the number of times the heart beats in one minute. It is measured by counting the number of pulses felt at an artery in the body, typically the radial artery in the wrist or the carotid artery in the neck.

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The excretory system removes waste products and excess substances from the body. This system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra in humans. Together, these organs and systems maintain the proper balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body and eliminate harmful waste products to ensure overall health and well-being.

Explanation:

It is plasma that is composed of water, electrolytes, nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products. It also contains proteins, such as albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen, which play essential roles in blood clotting, immunity, and transportation of substances through the bloodstream.

Explanation:

Human sweat, also known as perspiration, contains a variety of substances that includes water, electrolytes, and waste products. Sweat is primarily made up of water, about 99% of its composition. Sweat contains electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, which are essential for maintaining the body's balance of fluids and electrolytes.

Explanation:

The phloem is a type of plant tissue responsible for transporting sugars, nutrients, and other organic molecules from the leaves and other photosynthetic tissues to other parts of the plant. This process is known as translocation.

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It is a sphygmomanometer. Sphygmomanometers require proper technique and calibration to provide accurate blood pressure measurements. You must check your blood pressure regularly with a healthcare professional to monitor your cardiovascular health.

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It is urea. Urea is produced in the liver due to protein metabolism and is excreted from the body by the kidneys through the urine. Other human excretory products include carbon dioxide, water, and various salts and minerals.

Explanation:

Xylem is a specialized tissue found in vascular plants responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. It comprises long, hollow cells called tracheids and vessel elements, which are arranged end-to-end to form a continuous pathway for water and minerals to flow through.

Explanation:

The veins that carry oxygen-rich blood are the pulmonary veins. Unlike most other veins in the body, which carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, the pulmonary veins carry freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart's left atrium. 

Explanation:

The blood looks red due to the presence of a protein called hemoglobin, found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin contains iron, which binds to oxygen molecules, allowing the red blood cells to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. When oxygenated, hemoglobin gives the blood a bright red color. 

Explanation:

The pulmonary artery is a large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. Its primary function is to transport deoxygenated blood from the heart's right ventricle to the lungs, where it can receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

The human heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs.

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Explanation:

he human excretory system eliminates waste and excess substances from the body through urine and feces. 

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