Chapter-4 Gender, Religion, and Caste

Explanation:

The following are some instances of prejudice or disadvantage faced by women in India:

65.46 percent against 82.14 percent, women have a lower literacy rate than males do. This shows that despite independence, there is still a gender discrepancy in reading rates between men and women.

Higher education - Due to their higher rate of high school dropouts, girls are less likely than boys to choose to continue their education after high school. This is because parents do not want to spend money on a girl's education, unlike in the case of men.

Explanation:

The various forms of local politics include:

Examples of communalism include religious prejudice, preconceived notions about religious movements, and the belief that one's religion is better to all others. for instance, aggressive religious groups.

aiming to give one religion political dominance over another in a society. It takes a majoritarian position. Considering the conflict between political parties over religion as an example.

Political mobilisation along religious lines is another typical example of communalism in action. As an example, communalism and hate speech are revealed during elections.

Intercommunal violence is another example of political communalism. For instance, religious sentiments were the cause of riots.

Explanation:

 According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), the information below demonstrates the caste differences that exist in India today:

With the 'upper' castes performing best, the Dalits and Adivasis performing worst, and the backward classes performing somewhere in the centre, the old caste structure still applies to the average economic status of caste groupings.

Caste has a significant impact on the percentage of persons living in extreme poverty (below the official "poverty line"), with lower castes having the greatest percentage and upper castes having the lowest, with the backward classes again being in the centre.

The top castes are disproportionately overrepresented whereas the lower castes are significantly underrepresented, despite the fact that every caste has a few affluent members.

Explanation:

These are the two justifications for why caste alone cannot affect Indian election results:

In India, no caste has a clear majority in any one parliamentary district. A candidate or party needs the backing of numerous castes and groups in order to win elections.

No party is supported by each and every voter within a caste or community. People frequently imply that a large portion of a caste's supporters support a particular party when they refer to that caste as a "vote bank" for that party.

Explanation:

 More than 10 lakh elected women lawmakers serve in local government, including in urban and rural areas. According to women's organisations and activists, the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies must reserve at least one-third of their seats for women. A legislation incorporating this idea has been pending before the Parliament for more than 10 years. Yet, no major party has reached a consensus on this issue. The bill is not yet passed.

Explanation:

India's constitution contains two clauses that guarantee its secularism:

1. The right to profess, practise, and disseminate any religion—or no religion at all—is guaranteed by the Constitution.

2. The Constitution forbids discrimination on the basis of religion.

3. According to the fundamental right to freedom of religion, one is free to practise, profess, and disseminate any religion.

4. The prohibition of discrimination based on religion is one of the tenets of the constitution's fundamental right to equality.

Explanation:

b. The unequal positions that society assigns to men and women

The term "gender division" refers to the disparity between the sexes in society, including unequal opportunities, pay, promotion, and benefits. It makes reference to the different roles society has assigned to men and women. As a result, claim two is accurate. The uneven kid sex ratio is a result of the unfair gender gap.

Explanation:

(d) Panchayati Raj bodies

EXPLAIN:Women's reservations in Panchayati Raj institutions (PRIs) were viewed as a way to support women's empowerment via enhanced political awareness, self-confidence, and participation in regional development and social concerns.

Explanation:

(c) A and C

EXPLAIN:It is based on the notion that religion acts as the basis for a common identity and that members of the same religious group have comparable economic, political, and social goals. Community politics exhibits the following qualities: - It raises one's own religion and is based on conventional principles.

It is based on the premise that religious affiliation serves as the basis for a common identity and that those who share the same faith have comparable economic, political, and social goals.

Explanation:

b. accords one religion legal recognition.

EXPLAIN:The Indian Constitution does not officially recognise any one religion. The country is secular. Secularism in India is the fair treatment of all religions by the state. Once the 42nd Amendment was passed in 1976, India was proclaimed to be a secular republic in the Preamble to the Constitution. Yet, neither the Indian Constitution nor its statutes make any mention of the relationship between the state and religion. By enforcing parliamentary norms rather than religious laws, embracing pluralism, and recognising and accepting all religions, the laws subtly compel the state and its institutions.

Explanation:

Social divisions based on caste are peculiar to India.

EXPLANATION:We are aware that the majority of people still marry within their own caste or tribe for families and individuals. The caste structure in our country continues to be insurmountable throughout various socioeconomic strata.

The caste system in India is one of the oldest still-practicing systems of social stratification. Its difficulties are explained by the BBC. It is generally acknowledged that the tight hierarchical division of Hindus into groups based on their karma (effort) and dharma (the Hindi term for religion, although here it means responsibility) has existed for more than 3,000 years.

Explanation: